ἐν,
poetry ἐνί,
εἰν,
εἰνί [
Refs 8th c.BC+], forms used by
Epic dialect and Lyric Poets as the metre requires, but only as
falsa lectio in Trag., εἰν [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
ἰν [
Refs]
PREP. WITH DAT. AND ACC. Radical sense,
in, into. A WITH DAT.
A.I OF PLACE,
A.I.1 in, νήσῳ ἐν ἀμφιρύτῃ [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; with names of cities or islands, as ἐν Ἀθήνῃς, ἐν Τροίῃ, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; where ἐν is used, it =
in the district of.., ὲν Ἐλευσῖνι [
Refs]
in my arms, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐν αὑτῷ εἶναι to be
in one's senses, be oneself, ἔτ᾽ ἐν σαυτῷ (variant -τοῦ) γενοῦ [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.I.1.b ἐν τοῖς ἰχθύσιν
in the fish-market, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; so ἐν τοῖν δυοῖν ὀβολοῖν ἐθεώρουν ἄν
in the two-obol seats, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
A.I.2 elliptic, in such phrases as ἐν Ἀλκινόοιο [
NT+8th c.BC+]; ἐν παιδοτρίβου, ἐν κιθαριστοῦ,
at the school of.., [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν γειτόνων (see. γείτων) ἐν αὑτοῦ (αὑτῷ codex Rav.) [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.I.3 in, within, surrounded by, οὐρανὸς ἐν αἰθέρι καὶ νεφέλῃσι [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐν ὅπλοισι
in or
under arms, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; also of particular kinds of arms, ἐν τόξοις, ἀκοντίοις, etc.,
equipped with them, uncertain in [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν μεγάλοις φορτίοις βαδίζειν καὶ τρέχειν [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.I.4 on, at or
by, ἐν ποταμῷ [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; νευρὴ ἐν τόξῳ the string
on the bow, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; κατεκλάσθη ἐνὶ καυλῷ ἔγχος was broken off
at or
by the shaft,[
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν οἴνῳ
at wine, probably in [
Refs 3rd c.BC+]
A.I.5 in the number of, amongst, frequently in [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; and with Verbs of ruling, ἐν δ᾽ ἄρα τοῖσιν ἦρχ᾽ [
Refs 8th c.BC+] —for ἐν τοῖς with _superlative_, V. ὁ.
A.I.5.b in the presence of, ἐν πᾶσι [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; λέγειν ἐν ἀνδράσιν (of a woman) [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; of a trial, διαγωνίζεσθαι, διαδικάζεσθαι ἔν τισι, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.I.6 in one's hands, within one's reach or
power, νίκης πείρατ᾽ ἔχονται ἐν ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖσι [
Refs 8th c.BC+], with
infinitive, it depends
on him to.., rests
with him to.., ἔστιν ἐν σοὶ ἢ.. ἤ.. [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; also ἐν τούτῳ εἰσὶν πᾶσαι αἱ ἀποδείξεις depend
on this, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἔν γ᾽ ἐμοί so far as rests
with me, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; also ἐν ἐμοί
in my judgement, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν θεοῖς καλά
in the eyes of the gods, [
Refs]
A.I.7 in respect of, ἐν πάντεσσ᾽ ἔργοισι δαήμονα φῶτα [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐν γήρᾳ σύμμετρός τινι
in point of age.., [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν ἐμοὶ θρασύς
in my case,
towards me, [
Refs]; ἡ ἐν τοῖς ὅπλοις μάθησις [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; also οὐδὲν δεινὸν μὴ ἐν ἐμοὶ στῇ stop
with me, [
Refs]
A.I.8 in a pregnant construction with Verbs of motion,
into; implying both
motion to and subsequent
position in a place, ἐν κονίῃσι χαμαὶ πέσεν
fell [to the dust and lay]
in it, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐν στήθεσσι μένος βαλεῖν[
Refs 8th c.BC+]: in Trag. and
Attic dialect, ἐν ποίμναις πίτνων [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν χωρίῳ ἐμπεπτωκώς [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; later, with Verbs of
coming and
going, διαβάντες ἐν τῇ Σάμῳ [
LXX+2nd c.AD+] is
falsa lectio in [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.I.9 πίνειν ἐν ποτηρίῳ to drink
from a cup, [
Refs 2nd c.AD+]
A.I.10 ἄργυρος ἐν ἐκπώμασι silver
in the form of plate, [
Refs 1st c.AD+]; ἐμ φέρνῃ, ἐν θέματι,
as a dowry, pledge, [
Refs 1st c.BC+]
A.I.11 in citations, ἐν τοῦ σκήπτρου τῇ παραδόσει
in the passage of the [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
A.II OF STATE, CONDITION or POSITION:
A.II.1 of outward circumstances, ἐν πολέμῳ [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐν γένει εἶναί τινι to be related to.., [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; of occupations, pursuits, ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ εἶναι to be engaged
in philosophy, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἱ ἐν ποιήσι γενόμενοι poets, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἱ ἐν τοῖς πράγμασι ministers of state, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἱ ἐν τέλει the magistrates, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὁ μάντις ἦν ἐν τῇ τέχνῃ
in the practice of it, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.II.2 of inward states, of feeling, etc., ἐν φιλότητι, ἐν δοιῇ, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐν ὀργῇ ἔχειν τινά to make him the object of one's anger, [
Refs 5th c.BC+] to blame him, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν αἰτίᾳ εἶναι to have the blame, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.II.3 frequently with
neuter adjective, ἐν βραχεῖ, =βραχέως, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν τάχει, =ταχέως, [
Refs]; ἐν καλῷ ἐστί, =καλῶς ἔχει, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν ἀσφαλεῖ [ἐστί] [
Refs]; ἐν εὐμαρεῖ [ἐστί] [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν ἴσῳ, =ἴσως, ἐν ὁμοίῳ, =ὁμοίως, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν κενοῖς, =κενῶς, [
Refs]
substantive, ἐν δίκᾳ, =δικαίως, opposed to παρὰ δίκαν[
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.III OF THE INSTRUMENT, MEANS or MANNER, ἐν πυρὶ πρήσαντες [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; but in most cases the originally sense may be traced, to put
in the fire and burn,
infetters and bind, etc.; so ἐν πόνοις δαμέντα [
Refs 4th c.BC+]; ἔζευξα πρῶτος ἐν ζυγοῖσι κνώδαλα[
Refs]; also ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν or ἐν ὄμμασιν ὁρᾶσθαι, ἰδέσθαι, to see
with or
before one's eyes, i.e. have the object
in one's eye, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; also ἐν λιταῖς
by prayers, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν δόλῳ
by deceit, [
Refs]; ἐν λόγοις
by words, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; especially with Verbs of showing, σημαίνειν ἐν ἱεροῖς καὶ οἰωνοῖς [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ πραχθέντα.. ἐν.. ἐπιστολαῖς ἴστε ye know
by letters, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.III.2 of a personal instrument, ἐν τῷ ἄρχοντι τῶν δαιμονίων ἐκβάλλει τὰ δαιμόνια [
NT]
A.IV OF TIME, ὥρῃ ἐν εἰαρινῇ [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐν τούτῳ (i.e. τῷ χρόνῶ)
in this space of time, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν ᾧ (i.e. χρόνῳ)
during the time that, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν ταῖς σπονδαῖς
in the time of the truce, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
in the course of the mysteries, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; τραγῳδοῖς
at the performance of.., [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
A.IV.b ἐν ἄρχοντι Μητροδώρῳ
during the archonship of M., [
Refs 2nd c.AD+]
A.IV.2 in, within, ἐν ἡμέρῃ [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; μυρίαις ἐν ἁμέραις
in, i.e.
after, countless days, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.V OF NUMBERS generally, ἐν δυσὶ σταδίοις
within two stadia, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.V.2 with
genitive of price, ἐν δύο ταλάντων [
LXX]
A.V.3 amounting to, προῖκα ἐν δραχμαῖς ἐννακοσίαις [
Refs 2nd c.AD+]
B WITH Acc.,
into, on, for, [
Refs 4th c.AD+]; also
poetry, ἐν πάντα νόμον [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
C WITHOUT CASE, AS
adverb, in the phrase ἐν δέ..,
C.1 and therein, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
C.2 and among them, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
C.3 and besides, moreover (not in
Attic dialect Prose), [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
C.4 ἔνι, =ἔνεστι, ἔνεισι, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
D POSITION: ἐν frequently stands between its
substantive and the
adjective agreeing therewith, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]: without an
adjective, τῷ δ᾽ ἐν ἐρινεός ἐστι μέγας [
Refs 8th c.BC+] between
substantive and
genitive, χόρτοις ἐν λέοντος [
Refs]--One or more independent words sometimes come between the
preposition and its
dative, as in [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; also in Prose, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
E IN COMPOSITION (joined with other words),
E.I with Verbs, the
preposition mostly retains its sense of being
in or
at a place, etc., with
dative, or followed by εἰς.., or ἐν..: in such forms as ἐνορᾶν τινί τι, in translating, we resolve the
compound, to remark a thing
in one.
E.I.b also,
at a person, ἐγγελᾶν, ἐνυβρίζειν τινί.
E.I.2 with
adjectives, it expresses
E.I.2.a a modified degree, as in ἔμπηλος, ἔμπικρος, ἔνσιμος,
rather...
E.I.2.b the possession of a quality, as in ἔναιμος
with blood
in it, ἐνάκανθος thorny: ἔμφωνος
with a voice: ἔννομος
in accordance with law, etc.
E.II ἐν becomes ἐμ- before the labials β μ π φ ; ἐγ- before the gutturals γ κ ξ ; ἐλ- before ; ἐρ- before ; rarely ἐσ- before ; but Inscrr. and Papyri often preserve ἐν- in all these cases.
出典: STEPBible.org (Tyndale House, Cambridge), CC BY 4.0
