ἐν
εἰς or
ἐς, PREP. WITH ACC. ONLY:—both forms are found in [
Refs 8th c.BC+],
Ionic dialect poets, and early metrical Inscrr.; ἐς is best attested in [
Refs 5th c.BC+], and is found in nearly all early
Ionic dialect Inscrr. (except [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; and usually in
Attic dialect Prose (except [
Refs 5th c.BC+] is used before vowels for the sake of meter; ἐς was retained in the phrases ἐς κόρακας (whence the Verb σκορακίζω), ἐς μακαρίαν.
Aeolic dialect poets have εἰς before vowels, ἐς before consonants, and this is given as the rule in [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; compare ἐν, ἰν. The diphthong is genuine in
Aeolic dialect εἰς, but spurious in
Attic dialect-
Ionic dialect) Radical sense
into, and then more loosely,
to:
I OF PLACE, the oldest and commonest usage, εἰς ἅλα
into or
to the sea, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; frequently of places,
to, εἰς Εὔβοιαν [
Refs]; ἐς Αἴγυπτον, etc., [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐς Μίλητον
into the territory of Miletus,[
Refs 5th c.BC+]; εἰς ἅρματα βαίνειν to step
into.., [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; opposed to ἐκ, in such phrases as ἐς σφυρὸν ἐκ πτέρνης, ἐς πόδας ἐκ κεφαλῆς, from heel
to ankle-joint, from head
to foot, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; κἠς ἔτος ἐξ ἔτεος from year
to year, [
Refs 3rd c.BC+]: with Verbs implying motion or direction, as of looking, ἰδεῖν εἰς οὐρανόν [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; εἰς ὦπα ἰδέσθαι to look
in the face, [
Refs], etc.; εἰς ὦπα ἔοικεν he is like
in face (i.e. ἰδόντι), [
Refs], etc.; ἐς ὀφθαλμούς τινος ἐλθεῖν to come
before another's eyes,[
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐς ταὐτὸν ἥκειν come
to the same point, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: less frequently after a
substantive, ὁδὸς ἐς λαύρην [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; τὸ ἐς Παλλήνην τεῖχος
facing Pallene, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
I.b Epic dialect and
Ionic dialect, also with
accusative person (
Attic dialect ὡς, πρός, παρά), [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; also in
Attic dialect with collective Nouns, ἐς τὸν δῆμον παρελθόντες [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; especially of consulting an oracle, ἐς θεὸν ἐλθεῖν [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
I.2 with Verbs expressing
restin a place, when a previous motion
into or
to it is implied, ἐς μέγαρον κατέθηκεν ἐπὶ θρόνου he put it
in the house (i.e. he brought it
into the house, and put it
there), [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐς θρόνους ἕζοντο they sat them down
upon the seats, [
Refs]; ἐφάνη λὶς εἰς ὁδόν the lion appeared
in the path, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἀπόβασιν ποιήσασθαι ἐς.. [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; later used likeἐν, τὴν γῆν εἰς ἣν ὑμεῖς κατοικεῖτε [
LXX+1st c.BC+]: generally, τοὔνομα εἰς τὴν Ἑλλάδα, φασίν, Ἱππομιγὴς δύναται [
Refs 2nd c.AD+]
I.3 with Verbs of saying or speaking, εἰς relates to the persons
to or
before whom one speaks, εἰπεῖν ἐς πάντας, ἐς πάντας αὔδα, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: with other Verbs, εἰς τοὺς Ἕλληνας σαυτὸν σοφιστὴν παρέχων [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐπαχθὴς ἦν ἐς τοὺς πολλούς [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
I.4 elliptical usages,
I.4.a after Verbs which have no sense of motion to or into a place, τὴν πόλιν ἐξέλιπον εἰς χωρίον ὀχυρόν they quitted the city
for a strong position, i.e. to seek a strong position, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; γράμματα ἑάλωσαν εἰς Ἀθήνας letters were captured [and sent]
to Athens, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
I.4.b participles signifying motion are frequently omitted with εἰς, τοῖς στρατηγοῖς τοῖς εἰς Σικελίαν (i.e. ἀποδειχθεῖσιν) [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
I.4.c with
genitive, mostly of proper names, as εἰς Ἀΐδαο,
Attic dialect εἰς Ἅιδου [δόμους], [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐς Ἀθηναίης [ἱερόν]
to the temple of Athena, [
Refs]; εἰς Αἰγύπτοιο [ῥόον] [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
to a rich man's house, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; πέμπειν εἰς διδασκάλων send
to school, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐς σεωυτοῦ, ἑωυτοῦ, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
II OF TIME,
II.1 to denote a certain point or limit of time,
up to, until, ἐς ἠῶ [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐς ἠέλιον καταδύντα
till sunset, [
Refs]
towards or
near sunset,[
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐς ἐμέ
up to my time, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
against the time when.., [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; εἰς πότ;
until when ? how long ? [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐς τ; =εἰς πότε; [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐς ὅ
until, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
II.2 to determine a period, εἰς ἐνιαυτόν
for a year, i.e. a whole year, [
Refs 8th c.BC+];
within the year,[
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐς θέρος ἢ ἐς ὀπώρην
for the summer, i.e.
throughout it, [
Refs]; ἡ εἰς ἐνιαυτὸν κειμένη δαπάνη εἰς τὸν μῆνα δαπανᾶται the expenditure
for a year is expended
in the month, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; εἰς ἑσπέραν ἥκειν to come
at even, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; εἰς τρίτην ἡμέραν or εἰς τρίτην alone,
on the third day,
in two days, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐς τέλος
at last, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐς καιρόν
in season, [
Refs]; οὐκ ἐς ἀναβολάς, ἀμβολάς,
with no delay, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐς τότε
at this time, variant in [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
at that time (in the
future), [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐς ὕστερον or τὸ ὕστερον, [
Refs 8th c.BC+] (; ἐς αὐτίκα μάλ᾽ [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; εἰς ἔπειτα (see. εἰσέπειτα (; ἐς τὸ ἔ., [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; εἰς ἅπαξ, see at εἰσάπα; εἰς ἔτι, see at εἰσέτι.
III to express MEASURE OR LIMIT, without reference to Time, ἐς δίσκουρα λέλειπτο was left behind
as far as a quoit's throw, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐς δραχμὴν διέδωκε paid them
as much as a drachma, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; so ἐς τὰ μάλιστα
to the greatest degree, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐς ὅ ἐμέμνηντο
so far as they remembered, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
III.2 frequently with Numerals, ἐς τριακάδας δέκα ναῶν [
Refs 4th c.BC+]; ναῦς ἐς τὰς τετρακοσίας, διακοσίας,
to the number of [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; εἰς ἕνα, εἰς δύο, εἰς τέσσαρας, one, two, four
deep, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; but εἰς τέσσαρας four
abreast, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
thrice, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; of round numbers,
about, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
III.3 distributive, εἰς φυλάς
by tribes, [
LXX]
III.4 IV to express RELATION,
towards, in regard to, ἐξαμαρτεῖν εἰς θεούς [
Refs 4th c.BC+]; ἁμάρτημα εἴς τινα, αἰτίαι ἐς ἀλλήλους, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; λέγειν ἐς.. [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
IV.b of the subject of a work, especially in titles, e.g. τὰ ἐς Ἀπολλώνιον [
Refs 2nd c.AD+]; of the object of a dedication, as in titles of hymns, ἐπινίκια, etc.
IV.2 in regard to, πρῶτος εἰς εὐψυχίαν [
Refs 5th c.BC+];
in respect of, εὐτυχεῖν ἐς τέκνα [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐς τὰ ἄλλα Th.I.I; εἰς ἄπαντα [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; τό γ᾽ εἰς ἑαυτόν, τὸ εἰς ἐμέ, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; for τελεῖν ἐς Ἕλληνας, Βοιωτούς, ἄνδρας, etc., see at τελέω.
IV.3 of Manner, ἐς τὸν νῦν τρόπον [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐς τὸ πᾶν, =πάντως, [
Refs]; ἐς τάχος, =ταχέως, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐς εὐτέλειαν, =εὐτελῶς, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
V ofan end or limit, ἔρχεσθαι, τελευτᾶν, λήγειν ἐς.., to end in.., [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; καταξαίνειν ἐς φοινικίδα to cut
into red rags, [
NT+5th c.BC+]; εἰς ἄνδρας ἐκ μειρακίων τελευτᾶν, εἰς ἄνδρα γενειᾶν, [
Refs 5th c.BC+] to form a predicate, ἔσται εἰς ἔθνη [
LXX]; πιστὸς (i.e. ἦν) εἰς προφήτην [
LXX+NT]
V.2 of Purpose or Object, εἰπεῖν εἰς ἀγαθόν, πείσεται εἰς ἀγαθόν,
for good,
for his good, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐς φόβον
to cause fear, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; εἰς κάλλος ζῆν to live
for show, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; εἰς τὸ πρᾶγμα εἶναι to be
pertinent, to the purpose, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]; frequently of expenditure
on an object, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B POSITION: εἰς is sometimes parted from its
accusative by several words, εἰς ἀμφοτέρω Διομήδεος ἅρματα βήτην [
Refs 8th c.BC+] put after its case, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]: after an
adverb, αὔριον ἔς· τῆμος δὲ.. [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
出典: STEPBible.org (Tyndale House, Cambridge), CC BY 4.0
