ἐκ,
before a vowel
ἐξ, also
A ἐξ τῳ ϝοίκῳ [
Refs] and less frequently ; ἐγ- in Inscrr. before β γ δ λ μ ; Cretan dialect and
Boeotian dialect ἐς [
Refs 6th c.BC+]; ἐχ frequently in
Attic dialect Inscrr. before χ φ θ (and in early Inscrr. before ς, [
Refs]:—
preposition governing GEN. only (except in [
Refs 4th c.BC+]:—radical sense,
from out of, frequently also simply,
from. A.I OF PLACE, the most frequently usage, variously modified:
A.I.1 of Motion,
out of, forth from, ἐκ Πύλου ἐλθὼν τηλόθεν ἐξ ἀπίης γαίης [
Refs 8th c.BC+] to strike with a spear
in the hand, opposed to ἀντιτοξεύειν or ἀκοντίζειν, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐκ χρυσῶν φιαλῶν πίνειν[
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.I.2 ἐκ θυμοῦ φίλεον I loved her
from my heart,
with all my heart, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐξ εὐμενῶν στέρνων δέχεσθαι receive
with kindly heart, [
Refs]; ὀρθὸς ἐξ ὀρθῶν δίφρων
with chariot still upright, [
Refs]
A.I.3 to denote change or succession, frequently with an antithetic repetition of the same word, δέχεται κακὸν ἐκ κακοῦ one evil comes
from (or
after) another, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; πόλιν ἐκ πόλεως ἀμείβειν, ἀλλάττειν, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: hence,
instead of, τυφλὸς ἐκ δεδορκότος [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.I.4 to express separation or distinction
from a number, ἐκ πολέων πίσυρες four
out of many, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; εἶναι ἐκ τῶν δυναμένων to be
one of the wealthy, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐμοὶ ἐκ πασέων Ζεὺς ἄλγε᾽ ἔδωκεν to me
out of (i.e.
above) all, [
LXX+8th c.BC+]
A.I.5 of Position,
outside of, beyond, chiefly in early writers, ἐκ βελέων
out of shot, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐκ καπνοῦ
out of the smoke, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐκ πατρίδος
banished from one's country, [
Refs]; ἐκ μεσου κατῆστο sate down
apart from the company, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐξ ἠθέων τὸν ἥλιον ἀνατεῖλαι
out of its accustomed quarters, [
Refs]; ἐξ ὀφθαλμῶν
out of sight, [
Refs]; ἐξ ὁδοῦ
out of the road, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.I.6 with Verbs of Rest, where previous motion is implied,
on, in, δαῖέ οἱ ἐκ κόρυθος..πῦρ lighted a fire
from (i.e.
on) his helmet, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐκ ποταμοῦ χρόα νίζετο washed his body
in the river (
with water from the river), [
Refs 8th c.BC+] having hung a chain
from heaven, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐκ πασσαλόφι κρέμασεν φόρμιγγα he hung his lyre
from (i.e.
on) the peg, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἀνάπτεσθαι ἔκ τινος fasten
from i.e.
upon) a thing,[
Refs 8th c.BC+]; πρισθεὶς ἐξ ἀντύγων gripped
to the chariot-rail, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐκ τοῦ βραχίονος ἵππον ἐπέλκουσα leading it [by a rein]
upon her arm, [
Refs 5th c.BC+] to have their hopes
dependent upon them, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐκ χειρὸς ἄγειν lead
by the hand, [
Refs 2nd c.BC+]; ἐκ ποδὸς ἕπεσθαι[
Refs 2nd c.AD+] the robbers
of the islands, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; τοὺς ἐκ τῆς ναυμαχίας those
in the sea-fight, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; τοὺς ἐκ τῶν σκηνῶν those
in the tents, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
from Olympus where she stood, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; καθῆσθαι ἐκ πάγων to sit
on the heights and look
from them, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐκ βυθοῦ
at the bottom, [
Refs 3rd c.BC+]
on the right, left, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐκ θαλάσσης, opposed to ἐκ τῆς μεσογείας, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
A.I.7 νικᾶν ἔκ τινος win a victory
over.., [
NT]
A.II OF TIME, elliptic with
pronoun relative and
demonstrative, ἐξ οὗ [χρόνου]
since, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; in
apodosis, ἐκ τοῦ
from that time, [
Refs 8th c.BC+] there
after, [
Refs 8th c.BC+] usually
after this, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐκ πολλοῦ (i.e. χρόνου)
for a long time, [
Refs]; ἐξ ὀλίγου
at short notice, [
Refs] (but also a short time
since, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.II.2 of particular points of time, ἐκ νεότητος..ἐς γῆρας [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐκ νέου, ἐκ παιδός,
from boyhood, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; καύματος ἔξ
after hot weather, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; νέφος ἔρχεται οὐρανὸν εἴσω αἰθέρος ἐκ δίης
after clear weather,[
Refs 5th c.BC+]; so (like ἀπό II) ἐκ τῆς θυσίης γενέσθαι to have
just finished sacrifice, [
Refs], etc.; ἐκ τοῦ ἀρίστου
after breakfast, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐξ εἰρήνης πολεμεῖν to go to war
after peace, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐκ χειμῶνος
at the end of winter, [
Refs 1st c.AD+]
A.II.3 at, in, ἐκ νυκτῶν [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐκ τοῦ λοιποῦ or ἐκ τῶν λοιπῶν
for the future, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.III OF ORIGIN,
A.III.1 of Material,
out of or
of which things are made, γίγνεταί τι ἔκ τινος [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; συνετάττετο ἐκ τῶν ἔτι προσιόντων formed line of battle
from the troops as they marched up, [
Refs]
A.III.2 of Parentage, ἔκ τινος εἶναι, γενέσθαι, etc., [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐκ γὰρ ἐμεῦ γένος ἐσσί (where γένος is
accusative [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.III.3 of Place of Origin or Birth, ἐκ Σιδῶνος..εὔχομαι εἶναι [
NT+8th c.BC+]; ἡ ἐξ Ἀρείου πάγου βουλή the Areopagus, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]; οἱ ἐκ τοῦ Περιπάτου the Peripatetics, [
Refs 2nd c.AD+]; ὁ ἐξ Ἀκαδημείας the Academic, [
NT+2nd c.AD+]
A.III.4 of the Author or Occasion of a thing, ὄναρ, τιμὴ ἐκ Διός ἐστιν, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; θάνατος ἐκ μνηστήρων death
by the hand of the suitors, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; τὰ ἐξ Ἑλλήνων τείχεα walls
built by them, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; κίνημα ἐξ αὑτοῦ
spontaneous motion, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.III.5 with the agent after
passive Verbs,
by, poetical and early Prose, ἐφίληθεν ἐκ Διός they were beloved
of (i.e.
by) Zeus, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; κήδε᾽ ἐφῆπται ἐκ Διός[
Refs 8th c.BC+]
A.III.6 of Cause, Instrument, or Means
by which a thing is done, ἐκ πατέρων φιλότητος
in consequence of our fathers' friendship, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐκ τίνος λόγο; [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐκ το;
wherefore? [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ποιεῖτε ὑμῖν φίλους ἐκ τοῦ Μαμωνᾶ τῆς ἀδικίας make yourselves friends
of (i.e.
by means of).., [
NT+5th c.BC+]
A.III.7 in accordance with, ἐκ τῶν λογίων [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐκ τῶν ἔργων κρινόμενοι [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.III.8 frequently as
periphrastic for
adverb, ἐκ προνοίας [
Refs]; ἐκ βίας
by force, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ, ἐκ τοῦ προφανοῦς, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐξ ἴσου, ἐκ τοῦ ἴσου, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: with
feminine adjective, ἐκ τῆς ἰθέης [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.III.9 of Number or Measurement, with numerals, ἐκ τρίτων
in the third
place, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; distributively,
apiece, [
Refs 2nd c.AD+]
A.III.9.b of Price, ἐξ ὀκτὼ ὀβολῶν [
NT]
A.III.9.c of Weight, ἐπιπέμματα ἐξ ἡμιχοινικίου [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
A.III.9.d of Space, θινώδης ὢν ὁ τόπος ἐξ εἴκοσι σταδίων
by the space of twenty stades, [
Refs 1st c.BC+]
B ἐκ is frequently separated from its CASE, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]—It takes an accent in anastrophe, [
Refs 8th c.BC+] —It is combined with other Preps. to make the sense more definite, as διέκ, παρέκ, ὑπέκ.
C IN COMPOSITION (joined with other words), the sense of
removal prevails;
out, away, off. C.2 to express
completion, like our
utterly, ἐκπέρθω, ἐξαλαπάζω, ἐκβαρβαρόω, ἐκδιδάσκω, ἐκδιψάω, ἐκδωριεύομαι, ἐξοπλίζω, ἐξομματόω, ἔκλευκος, ἔκπικρος.
D As
adverb,
therefrom, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
出典: STEPBible.org (Tyndale House, Cambridge), CC BY 4.0
