Библейское слово «Η» в греческих словарях

Η, η (τὸ ἦτα) «эта» (7-я буква греч. алфавита, с середины II в. н._э. стала произноситься как i); η$F000 = 8; $F001η = 8000.

ἡ f к ὁ (грамматический член).

I ἤ conj. сравнит.

1) чем, нежели: διαφερόντως ἢ ἐν τῷ ἔμπροσθεν χρόνῳ Plat. иначе, чем прежде; πρὶν ἢ τὸ δεύτερον ἁλισθῆναι τῶν Λυδῶν τὴν δύναμιν Her. прежде, чем вновь будет собрано лидийское войско; μανικώτερος ἢ ἀνδρειότερος Plat. более безрассудный, чем мужественный; οἱ παρὰ δόξαν ἔσχε τὰ πρήγματα ἢ ὡς αὐτὸς κατεδόκεε Her. обстоятельства сложились вопреки его ожиданию, (иначе), чем он предполагал;

2) кроме, исключая, по сравнению (с чем-л.): ἄλλῳ ἢ ἐμοὶ χρὴ τῆσδε ἄρχειν χθονός; Soph. разве другому, а не мне надлежит управлять этим краем?; οἰόμενος δεῖν πάντα μᾶλλον πράττειν ἢ φιλοσοφεῖν Plat. полагающий, что следует заниматься всем, чем угодно, кроме философии; τῇ ὑστεραίᾳ ἢ ᾗ τὰ ἐπινίκια Plat. на другой день после победы на состязаниях.

II ἤ conj. разделит.

1) или, ли: ἔστι ταῦτα ἢ οὔ; Plat. так это или нет?; ἢ νικᾶν ἢ ἡττᾶσθαι Xen. или победить, или быть побеждённым; ἢ βούλει διαμυθολογῶμεν περὶ τούτων αὐτῶν; Plat. не хочешь ли ты (или ты хочешь), чтобы мы обсудили эти именно вопросы?;

2) или, а то, а иначе, в противном случае: εἰδέναι δεῖ περὶ οὗ ἂν ᾖ ἡ βουλή, ἢ παντὸς ἁμαρτάνειν ἀνάγκη Plat. необходимо знать, что́ подлежит обсуждению, иначе неизбежно сплошное заблуждение;

3) ли: τίς σοι διηγεῖτο; ἢ αὐτὸς Σωκράτης; Plat. кто с тобой беседовал? не сам ли Сократ?

III ἤ interj. эй!: ἤ, Ξανθίας! Arph. эй, Ксантий!

I ἥ f к относительному местоимению ὅς.

II ἥ как: только в выражении ἣ θέμις ἐστί Hom. как принято.

I ἦ adv. утвердит. — употребляется преимущественно с другими частицами: ἦ ἄρα (δή), ἦ ἄρ (τε), ἦ ῥα, ἦ ῥά νυ, ἦ γάρ (τοι), ἦ δή (που), ἦ δῆτα, ἦ θήν, ἦ κάρτα, ἦ μάλα (δή), ἦ μήν, ἦ μέν, ἦ μάν, ἦ νύ τοι, ἦ τε, ἦ τάχα (καί) — действительно, поистине, право, конечно: μοι ὄμοσσον ἦ μέν μοι ἀρήξειν Hom. поклянись мне, что действительно заступишься за меня; ἦ ῥά νυ καὶ σὺ φιλοψευδὴς ἐτέτυξο Hom. явно и ты стал любителем лжи; νῦν ἔξεστιν ὑμῖν πιστὰ λαβεῖν παρ᾽ ἡμῶν ἦ μὴν φιλίαν παρέξειν ὑμῖν τῆν χώραν Xen. теперь вы можете получить от нас заверения, что мы (не на словах, а) на деле будем дружественной для вас страной.

II ἦ adv. вопросит. — иногда с другими частицами: ἦ ῥά νυ, ἦ ῥά γε, ἦ ῥά γέ τοι, ἦ ταῦτα δή, ἦ ταῦτα δῆτα или с отрицанием: ἦ οὐ(κ), ἦ μή — разве (не), (не) … ли: ἦ σύγ᾽ Ὀδυσσεύς ἐσσι πολύτροπος; Hom. так ты (не ты ли) хитроумный Одиссей?; ἦ ταῦτα δή (v._l. γάρ) με καὶ βεβούλευνται ποιεῖν; Soph. так вот что они решили сделать со мной?; ἦ φῂς ὣς Τρώεσσιν ἀρηξέμεν Ζῆν; Hom. разве ты думаешь, что Зевс благосклонен к троянцам?; ἦ γάρ; Plat. не правда ли?

III ἦ (= ἦν, ион. ἔα) атт. impf. к εἰμί.

IV ἦ (= ἔφη) 3_л. sing. impf. aor._2 к ἠμί.

I ᾗ dat. sing. f к притяжённому местоимению ἥ (f от ὅς).

II ᾗ adv.

1) куда: ᾗ νοεῖς, ἔπειγέ νυν Soph. поспеши (туда), куда замышляешь; ἐκείνῃ ἐπόμενοι, ᾗ ἐκείνη ὑφηγεῖται Plat. туда следуя, куда она (философия) ведёт;

2) атт. как, подобно тому как: ᾗ καὶ Λοξίας ἐφήμισεν Aesch. как и предрёк Локсий (Аполлон);

3) ввиду этого, поэтому: ᾗ καὶ ῥᾷον ἔλαθον ἐσελθόντες Thuc. ввиду этого (фиванцы) с большей лёгкостью тайно пробрались (в город Платею);

4) поскольку, в той мере как: ᾗ ὁ ἑκὼν πεινῶν φάγοι ἂν ὁπότε βούλοιτο Xen. поскольку добровольно голодающий может поесть, когда захочет;

5) (при superl.) насколько, как можно (ἐλαύνει ᾗ ἐδύνατο τάχιστα Xen.).

ὀ- приставка:

1) ὀ- copulativum, со смыслом совместности, (напр., ὄπατρος происходящий от того же отца);

2) ὀ- protheticum, чисто фонетического значения (напр., ὀκέλλω наряду с κέλλω).

I ὁ (ὅ), ἡ (ἥ), τό (gen. m и n τοῦ — эп. τοῖο, дор. τῶ, τῆς — дор. τᾶς; pl. οἱ (οἵ), αἱ (αἵ), τά pron._demonstr. 3_л., часто со значением pron._pers., преимущественно у Hom., Trag.) этот, тот, такой, он: ὁ γὰρ ἦλθε Hom. ибо он пришёл; ἕως ὁ τῷ πολέμιζε Hom. пока тот с этим боролся; τῆς πέφυκα μητρός Soph. я родился от этой матери; οἱ μὲν αὐτῶν ἐτόξευον, οἱ δ᾽ ἐσφενδόνων Xen. одни из них метали стрелы, другие — камни из пращей; ἡ στρατιὰ ἣ μὲν πρὸς τὴν πόλιν ἐχώρουν, ἣ δὲ πρὸς σταύρωμα Thuc. войско отправилось частью к городу, частью же к заграждению; οὐ πάσας χρὴ τὰς δόξας τῶν ἀνθρώπων τιμᾶν, ἀλλὰ τὰς μὲν, τὰς δ᾽ οὔ οὐδὲ πάντων, ἀλλὰ τῶν μέν, τῶν δ᾽ οὔ Plat. уважать следует не все мнения людей, а лишь одни, другие же — нет, и притом (мнения) одних, но не других; οὔτε τοῖς, οὔτε τοῖς Plat. ни тем, ни другим; τὰ μέν τι μαχόμενοι, τὰ δὲ καὶ ἀναπαυόμενοι Xen. то ведя кое-какие бои, то отдыхая.

II ὁ, ἡ, τό, gen. τοῦ, τῆς, τοῦ (грамматический член, со значением ослабленной указательности, т._е. определённости, групповой или индивидуальной; соотв. франц. le, la, англ. the, нем. der, die, das) (часто in_crasi: ὁ ἀνήρ = ἁνήρ — эол. ὤνηρ, τοῦ ἀνδρός = τἀνδρός, οἱ ἄνδρες = ἅνδρες — ион. ὤνδρες, τὸ ἕτερον = θάτερον — ион. τοὔτερον, дор. θώτερον и т._д.)

1) этот, тот (который), данный, упомянутый, известный тебе (обычно не переводится) (ὁ Εὐφράτης ποταμός, τὸ Αἰγάλεων ὄρος, ἡ Αἴτνη τὸ ὄρος Thuc.; Νέστωρ ὁ γέρων Hom.): ὁ ἄνθρωπος вот этот (данный) человек или человек вообще, человеческий род; Φαίδων ὁ Φαίδων ἐστίν Plat. Федон, он (именно) Федон и есть; τιμῆς τῆς Πριάμου Hom. с честью (самого) Приама; ἡττηθεὶς τῇ μάχῃ Xen. будучи разбит в этом сражении;

2) (придаёт знач. существительного любой иной части речи или целой группе их): τὸ πρίν Hom. etc. прежнее время, прошлое; τὸ στέργειν Xen. любовь или понятие любви; τὸ μὴ ζητοῦντα ἐπιτυχεῖν Xen. нахождение без поисков; τὸν ἐμέ Plat. меня лично;

3) в знач. слово, выражение, изречение; τὸ τοῦ Σόλωνος Her. (лат. illud Solonis) изречение Солона; τὸ μηδένα εἶναι ὄλβιον Her. мнение, будто никто не счастлив;

4) (иногда придаёт оттенок приблизительности) около: (νῆες), ὧν ἦσαν αἱ εἴκοσιν … Thuc. корабли, из которых около двадцати …;

5) (с последующим gen. обозначает принадлежность, ту или иную связь — родственную, пространственную и т._д.): Ἡρακλῆς ὁ (sc. υἱός) Διός Геракл, сын Зевса; Ἄρτεμις ἡ (sc. θυγάτηρ) Λητοῦς Артемида, дочь Лето́; Κλέαρχος καὶ οἱ ἐκείνου Thuc. Клеарх и его люди (сторонники, друзья и т._п.); часто перед существительным с предлогом: οἱ ἐν τῇ πόλει и οἱ ἀπὸ (или ἐκ) τῆς πόλεως Thuc., Xen. etc. находящиеся в городе, горожане; τὰ ἐπὶ Θρᾴκης Thuc. области Фракии; τὰ ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἀλκιβιάδου Thuc. планы Алкивиада; τὰ ἀπὸ τοῦ καταστρώματος Thuc. то, что (сражалось) с палубы; οἱ τότε Hom. etc. тогдашние люди; κατὰ τὴν ἐμήν (sc. γνώμην) Plat. по-моему; οἱ νῦν Plat. etc. нынешние (люди); τὸ ἐμόν Xen. что касается меня;

6) n pl. обозначает:

1) часть, элемент: τά, ὅσα γῇ κεράννυται Plat. элементы, примешивающиеся к земле, т._е. входящие в состав земли; τῶν πέντε τὰς δύο μοίρας Thuc. две части из пяти, т._е. две пятых;

2) в n pl. достояние, состояние, имущество, тж. дела, обстоятельства: τὰ τῶν πολεμίων Xen. имущество (средства) неприятеля; τὰ τῆς πόλεως Thuc., Plat. etc. государственные дела, политические вопросы; τὰ τῶν Ἑλλήνων Thuc. греческие дела, положение греков, обстоятельства в Греции.

ὄ interj. о! Arph.

ο, 15-ая буква греческого алфавита; как знак числа: о' = 70, о = 70,000.

ὁ, ἡ, τό, ρ. τοῦ, τῆς, τοῦ и пр., во мн. οἱ, αἱ (эп. поэт. τοί, ταί), τά,

1) первоначально мест. указательное: тот, этот, он, напр. у Гомера: ὁ γὰρ βασιλῆι χολωθείς οн, рассердившись на царя, τὴν δὲ ἐγὼ οὐ λύσω ее я не освобожу; в атт., прозе только в некоторых выражениях: ὁ μὲν -ὁ δὲ тот—этот, один—другой; τὸ или τὰ μὲν—τὸ πικ τὰ δὲ с одной — с другой стороны, частью — частью, то—то; τὸν καὶ τόν того или другого; τὰ καὶ τὰ или τὸ καὶ τὸ то и это, то или другое; προ τοῦ перед этим, раньше, прежде; в в. с неопр. после καὶ: καὶ τὸν κελεῦσαι δοῦναι η тот приказал дать; ὁ δε в начале нового предложения (без предшествующего ὁ μέν): Ἰνάρως Ἀθηναίους ἐπηγάγετο, οἱ δὲ ἦλθον (об. ὁ δὲ указывает на новое подлежащее, редко на подлежащее предыдущего предложения, как напр. Thuc. 1, 87).

2) об. как член (ср. франц. le, la, немец. der, die, das). Ставится при существительном, когда последнее означает или один определённый предмет или же весь род тех же самых предметов, напр. ὁ ἄνθρωπος этот человек (о котором я говорю) и ὁ ἄνθρωπος θνητός ἐστι весь род человеческий или все люди, При прил. и прич, член ставится тогда, когда прил. и прич. имеют значение сущ.: ὁ πλούσιος богач, οἱ λέγοντες ораторы, οἱ πολλοί толпа. Точно также член то ставится при неопр., когда последнее употребляется в значении сущ.: τὸ μισεῖν ненависть. — Член может стоять и один, без имени сущ., с каким л. определением: с родительным, с наречием, с предлогом, имеющим при себе соответствующий падеж (при переводе подобных выражений мы употребляем всегда по смыслу какое л. сущ. или причастие): τὰ τῶν Ἀθηναίων дела или интересы Афинские, οἱ ἐν πόλει находящиеся в городе, τὰ μετὰ ταῦτα следующее за этим и пр.; член с нар. обыкновенно переводится прил.: οἱ νῦν нынешние люди; ὁ πέλας ближний.

3) эп. ион., иногда поэт., как мест, относительное, ос. в формах, начинающихся с τ: Κανδαύλης τὸν οἱ Ἕλληνες Μύρσιλον οὐνομάζουσι.

ἤ,
disjunctive and comparative particle (Bl., §36, 12; 77, 11);
1. disjunctive, or;
(a) between single words: Mat.5:17 Mrk.6:56, Luk.2:24, Jhn.6:19, Rom.1:21, al.;
(b) before a sentence expressing a variation, denial or refutation of a previous statement, frequently in interrog. form: Mat.7:4, 9 Mrk.12:14, Luk.13:4, Rom.3:29; 6:3; 9:21, 1Co.6:9, 16 9:6, 2Co.11:7 ἤ . . . ἤ, either . . . or, Mat.6:24, Luk.16:13, 1Co.14:6;
(with) in a disjunctive question (as Lat. an after utrum): Mat.9:5, Mrk.2:9, Luk.7:19, al.; after πότερον, Jhn.7:17 μή, 1Co.9:8 μήτι, 2Co.1:17 ἤ . . . ἤ . . . ἤ, Mrk.13:35
2. Comparative, than: after comparatives, Mat.10:15, Luk.9:13, Jhn.3:19, Rom.13:11, al.; after ἕτερον, Act.17:21 θέλω (Khüner 3, iv, 303), 1Co.14:19 πρὶν ἤ, before, before accusative and inf., Mat.1:18 Mrk.14:30; after a positive adj. (Gen.49:12 cf. Robertson, Gr., 661), Mat.18:8, 9 Mrk.9:43, 45 47.
3. with other particles: ἀλλ᾽ ἤ, see: ἀλλά; ἤ γάρ, see: γάρ; ἢ καί, or even, or also, Mat.7:10, Luk.11:11, 12 Rom.2:15; 4:9, al; ἤτοι . . . ἤ, Rom.6:16 (cf. Wis.11:19).
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ἦ (μήν), see: εἰ, iii, 7.
εἰ,
conjunctive particle, used in conditions and in indirect questions.
I. Conditional, if;
1. with indic, expressing a general assumption;
(a) pres.: before indic, pres., Mat.11:14, Rom.8:25, al.; before imperat., Mrk.4:23; 9:22, Jhn.15:18, 1Co.7:9, al.; before fut. indic., Luk.16:31, Rom.8:11, al.; before pf. or aor., with negation in apodosis, Mat.12:26, Rom.4:14, al.; similarly, before impf., Luk.17:6, Jhn.8:39; before quæst., Mat.6:23, Jhn.5:47; 7:23; 8:46, 1Pe.2:20;
(b) fut.: Mat.26:33, 1Pe.2:20;
(with) pf.: Jhn.11:12, Rom.6:5, al.;
(d) aor.: Luk.16:11; 19:8, Jhn.13:32; 18:23, Rev.20:15, al.
2. Where the assumption is certain = ἐπεί: Mat.12:28, Jhn.7:4, Rom.5:17, al.
3. Of an unfulfilled condition, with indic, impf., aor. or plpf., before ἄν, with imp. or aor. (see: ἄν, I, i).
4. C. indic., after verbs denoting wonder, etc., sometimes, but not always, coupled with an element of doubt: Mrk.15:44, 1Jn.3:13, al.
5. C. indic., as in LXX (Num.14:3o, 1Sa.14:45, al. = Heb. אִם), in oaths, with the formula of imprecation understood in a suppressed apodosis (WM, 627; Burton, §272): Mrk.8:12, Heb.3:11" (LXX) 4:3 (LXX).
6. Rarely (cl.) with optative, to express a merely possible condition: Act.24:19; 27:39, 1Co.14:10; 15:37, I Pe3:14, 17.
II. Interrogative, if, whether.
1. As in cl., in indir. questions after verbs of seeing, asking, knowing, saying, etc.: with indic. pres., Mat.26:63, Mrk.15:36, Act.19:2, 2Co.13:5, al.; fut., Mrk.3:2, Act.8:22, al.; aor., Mrk.15:44, 1Co.1:16, al.; with subjc. aor. (M, Pr., 194), Php.3:12
2. As in LXX (= Heb. אִם and interrog. הֲ, Gen.17:17, al.; see WM, 639f.; Viteau, i, 22), in direct questions: Mrk.8:23 (Tr., WH, txt.), Luk.13:23; 22:49, Act.19:2, al.
III. With other particles.
1. εἰ ἄρα, εἴγε, εἰ δὲ μήγε, see: ἄρα, γε.
2. εἰ δὲ καί, but if also: Luk.11:18 but even if, 1Co.4:7, 2Co.4:3; 11:16.
3. εἰ δὲ μή, but if not, but if otherwise: Mrk.2:21, 22 Jhn.14:2, Rev.2:5, al.
4. εἰ καί, if even, if also, although: Mrk.14:29, Luk.11:8, 1Co.7:21, 2Co.4:16, Php.2:17, al.
5. καὶ εἰ, even if, see: καί
6. εἰ μή, if not, unless, except, but only: Mat.24:22, Mrk.2:26; 6:5, Jhn.9:33, 1Co.7:17 (only), Gal.1:19 (cf. ἐὰν μή, 2:16; see Hort., Ja., xvi); ἐκτὸς εἰ μή, pleonastic (Bl., §65, 6), 1Co.14:5; 15:2, 1Ti.5:19.
7. εἰ μήν = cl. ἦ μήν (M, Pr., 46), in oaths, surely (Ezk.33:27, al.): Heb.6:14.
8. εἴ πως, if haply: Act.27:12, Rom.1:10.
9. εἴτε . . . εἴτε, whether . . . or; Rom.12:6-8, 1Co.3:22; 13:8, al.
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Hé, the 5th letter of the Hebrew alphabet; used in LXX for acrostic Psalms such as Psa.119

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Heth, the 8th letter of the Hebrew alphabet; used in LXX for acrostic Psalms such as Psa.119 Источник: STEPBible.org (Tyndale House, Cambridge), CC BY 4.0

ὁ, ἡ, τό,
the prepositive article (ἄρθρον προτακτικόν), originally a demonstr. pron. (so usually in Hom.), in general corresponding to the Eng. definite article.

I. As demonstr. pron.
1. As frequently in Hom., absol., he (she, it), his (etc.): Act.17:28 (quoted from the poet Aratus).
2. Distributive, ὁ μὲν . . . ὁ δέ, the one . . . the other: 1Co.7:7, Gal.4:22; pl., Act.14:4; 17:32, Php.1:16, al.; οἱ μὲν . . . ἄλλοι δέ, Mat.16:14, Jhn.7:12; οἱ μεν̀ . . . ὁδέ, Heb.7:21, 23.
3. In narration (without ὁ μὲν preceding), ὁ δέ, but he: Mat.2:14, Mrk.1:45, Luk.8:21, Jhn.9:38, al. mult.
II. As prepositive article, the, prefixed,
1. to nouns unmodified: ὁ θεός, τὸ φῶς, etc.; to abstract nouns, ἡ σοφία, etc., to pl. nouns which indicate a class, οἱ ἀλώπεκες, foxes, Mat.8:20, al.; to an individual as representing a class, ὁ ἐργάτης, Luk.10:7 with nom. = voc. in addresses, Mat.11:26, Jhn.19:3, Jas.5:1, al.; to things which pertain to one, ἡ χεῖρ, his hand, Mrk.3:1 to names of persons well known or already mentioned; usually to names of countries (originally adjectives), ἡ Ἰουδαία, etc.
2. To modified nouns: with of person(s) pron. genitive, μοῦ, σοῦ, etc.; with poss. pron., ἐμός, σός, etc.; with adj. between the art. and the noun, ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄνθρωπος, Mat.12:35 the noun foll, by adj., both with art., ὁ ποιμὴν ὁ καλός, Jhn.10:11 (on ὁ ὄχλος πολύς, Jhn.12:9, see M, Pr., 84); before adjectival phrases, ἡ κατ᾽ ἐκλογὴν πρόθεσις, Rom.9:11
3. To Other parts of speech used as substantives;
(a) neuter adjectives: τ. ἀγαθόν, etc.;
(b) cardinal numerals: ὁ εἶς, οἷ δύο, etc.;
(with) participles: ὁ βαπτίζων (= ὁ Βαπτιστής, Mat.14:2), Mrk.6:14; πᾶς ὁ, with ptcp., every one who, etc.;
(d) adverbs: τὸ πέραν, τὰ νῦν, ὁ ἔσω ἄνθρωπος;
(e) infinitives: nom., τὸ θέλειν, Rom.7:18, al.; genitive, τοῦ, after adjectives, ἄξιον τοῦ πορεύεσθαι, 1Co.16:4 verbs, ἐλαχεν τοῦ θυμιᾶσαι, Luk.1:9 and frequently in a final sense, ἐξῆλθεν ὁ σπείρειν, Mat.13:3 (on the artic. inf., see Bl., §71).
4. In the neut. to sentences, phrases or single words treated as a quotation: τὸ Ἐι δύνῃ, Mrk.9:23 τὸ ἔτι ἅπαξ, Heb.12:27 τὸ ἀνέβη, Eph.4:9, al.
5. To prepositional phrases: οἱ ἀπὸ Ἰταλίας, Heb.13:24 οἱ ἐκ νόμου, Rom.4:14 neut. accusative absol., in adverbial phrases, τὸ καθ᾽ ἡμέραν, daily, Luk.11:3 τὸ κατὰ σάρκα, as regards the flesh, Rom.9:5
6. To nouns in the genitive, denoting kinship, association, etc.: ὁ τοῦ, the son of (unless context indicates a different relationship), Mat.10:2, al.; τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ, the things that pertain to God, Mat.16:23 τὰ τῆς εἰρήνης, Rom.14:19 (cf. M, Pr., 81ff.; Bl, §§46, 47).
(AS) Источник: STEPBible.org (Tyndale House, Cambridge), CC BY 4.0

Waw, the 6th letter of the Hebrew alphabet; used in LXX for acrostic Psalms such as Psa.119 Источник: STEPBible.org (Tyndale House, Cambridge), CC BY 4.0

ἤ,
Epic dialect also ἠέ (in signification [Refs 4th c.BC+], conjunction with two chief senses, Disj. (or) and comparative (than).
A DISJUNCTIVE, or, ἐγὼ.. ἢ ἄλλος Ἀχαιῶν [Refs 8th c.BC+]; θεόσυτος ἢ βρότειος ἢ κεκραμένη [Refs 4th c.BC+]
A.2 ἢ.. ἤ either.. or, ἢ νῦν δηθύνοντ᾽ ἢ ὕστερον αὖτις ἰόντα [Refs 8th c.BC+], etc.; so ἢ.. ἤτοι.. [Refs 5th c.BC+] is emphasized, later no distinction is implied, [NT+2nd c.BC+]; ἤ repeated any number of times, ἐγὼ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἕλωμαι ἢ τεὸν ἢ Αἴαντος ἰὼν γέρας ἢ Ὀδυσῆος [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἤ is probably wrongly accented in codices of [Refs 8th c.BC+] adverb [Refs 4th c.BC+]
A.3 or else, otherwise, εἰδέναι δεῖ περὶ οὗ ἂν ᾖ ἡ βουλή, ἢ παντὸς ἁμαρτάνειν ἀνάγκη [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ζῶντα κακῶς λέγειν ἐκώλυσε.., ἢ τρεῖς δραχμὰς ἀποτίνειν ἔταξε Legal [Refs 6th c.BC+]
A.II in Questions or Deliberations in Disj. form(the accentuation is ἢ (ἠέ) followed by ἦ (ἦε), [Refs 2nd c.AD+]
A.II.1 Direct questions,
A.II.1.a introduced by ἢ (ἠέ), ἢ δολιχὴ νοῦσος ἦ Ἄρτεμις ἰοχέαιρα.. κατέπεφνε; [Refs 8th c.BC+]
A.II.1.b without an introductory Particle, θεός νύ τις ἦ βροτός ἐσσ; art thou a goddess or a mortal? [Refs 8th c.BC+] frequently in codices of [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἄρτι δὲ ἥκεις ἢ πάλα; [Refs 5th c.BC+]; preceded by πότερον, πότερον δοκεῖ σοι κάκιον εἶναι, τὸ ἀδικεῖν ἢ τὸ ἀδικεῖσθα; [Refs]
A.II.2 Indirect questions, frequently epexegetic of a preceding question and identical in form with direct questions.
A.II.2.a εἴπ᾽ ἄγε,.. ἤ ῥ᾽ ἐθέλει.., ἦ ἀπέειπε.. [Refs 8th c.BC+]; πότερον or πότερα.. ἤ.. [Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.II.2.b without introductory Particle, οὐδέ τι οἶδα ζώει ὅ γ᾽ ἦ τέθνηκε [Refs 8th c.BC+]
B COMPARATIVE, than, as, after a comparative, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; οὐδ᾽ ὅσον ἤ.. not so much as.. , not more than.. , [Refs 3rd c.BC+] to wish rather than.. , see at βούλομαι IV, αἱρέω [Refs 5th c.BC+]; so φθάνειν ἤ.. to come sooner than.. , [NT+8th c.BC+]
B.2 joining two Comparatives which refer to the same subject, πάντες κ᾽ ἀρησαίατ᾽ ἐλαφρότεροι πόδας εἶναι ἢ ἀφνειότεροι [Refs 8th c.BC+]
B.3 rarely after a superlative, πλεῖστα θωμάσια ἔχει Αἴγυπτος ἢ ἄλλη πᾶσα χώρη [Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.4 ἢ οὐ is used when a negative precedes, οὐδέν τι μᾶλλον ἐπ᾽ ἡμέας ἢ οὐ καὶ ἐπ᾽ ὑμέας [Refs 5th c.BC+]: after an implied negative, ὠμὸν.. πόλιν ὅλην διαφθεῖραι μᾶλλον ἢ οὐ τοὺς αἰτίους [Refs]
B.5 frequently omitted with numerals after πλείων, ἐλάττων, μείων, ἔτη.. πλείω ἑβδομήκοντα variant in [Refs 5th c.BC+]: sometimes with an infinitive or conditional clause, τί γὰρ ἀνδρὶ κακὸν μεῖζον ἁμαρτεῖν [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τίς εὐπραξία σπανιωτέρα.., εἰ [δύναμις] πάρεστιν (for ἢ δύναμιν παρεῖναι); [Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.6 pleonastic with a genitive, τίς ἂν αἰσχίων εἴη ταύτης δόξα, ἢ δοκεῖν.. [Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.7 the Disj. and comparative uses are found together in [Refs 8th c.BC+] better, either to die once for all or win life, than long to toil in battle. [ἢ οὐ, ἢ οὐκ combine by Synizesis into one syllable in Trag. and Comedy texts, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; so usually in Epic dialect, [Refs 8th c.BC+] Источник: STEPBible.org (Tyndale House, Cambridge), CC BY 4.0

ἦ,
adverb, never in the form ἦε (ἠέ):
I TO CONFIRM an assertion, in truth, of a surety, ἦ ὀλίγον οἷ παῖδα ἐοικότα γείνατο Τυδεύς [Refs 8th c.BC+]; with concessive force, it is true that.. : hence, although.. , ἦ καὶ γένει ὕστερος ἦεν [Refs]: frequently strengthened by the addition of one or two other Particles, as ἦ ἄρα [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἦ μήν and ἦ μέν (see. below); ἦ νυ [Refs 8th c.BC+] used in oaths and asseverations, [Refs 8th c.BC+]: with infinitive in indirect speech, after Verbs of swearing, etc., σὺ δὲ σύνθεο, καί μοι ὄμοσσον, ἦ μέν μοι πρόφρων ἔπεσιν καὶ χερσὶν ἀρήξειν [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἦ μέν also in Ionic dialect historical Prose, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐγγυητὰς καταστῆσαι ἦ μὴν ἐκτείσειν Legal cited in [Refs 4th c.BC+]: with other Particles, ἦ μὲν δή [Refs 8th c.BC+]
I.2 in the combinations ἐπεὶ ἦ, ὅτι ἢ and τί ; [Refs 2nd c.AD+] (παραπληρωματικὸς σύνδεσμος) perispomenon after ἐπεί, barytone after ὅτι or τί. It is probably the same as the affirmative ἦ [Refs 2nd c.AD+], and occurs in the same combinations, ἐπεὶ ἦ πολύ.. [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐπεὶ ἦ μάλα[Refs 8th c.BC+] as one word, and this can be supported by τί ἢ δὲ σύ.. [Refs 8th c.BC+] was two words. The Attic accentuation is said by [Refs]
I.3 this ἦ (or ἢ) is probably to be recognized in ὥς τε γὰρ ἦ [Refs 8th c.BC+]
II in Questions not involving alternatives:
II.1 Direct questions,
II.1.a epexegetic of a preceding question, suggesting the answer to it, τίπτ᾽ εἰλήλουθα; ἦ ἵνα ὕβριν ἴδῃ Ἀγαμέμνονο; why hast thou come? is it that thou mayst see.. ? [Refs 8th c.BC+]; τί δῆτα χρῄζει; ἦ με γῆς ἔξω βαλεῖ; [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τίς σοι διηγεῖτ; ἦ αὐτὸς Σωκράτη; [Refs 5th c.BC+]
II.1.b not epexegetic of a preceding question, ἦ σύ γ᾽ Ὀδυσσεύς ἐσσι πολύτροπο; art thou the wily Odysseus? [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἦ οὐκ ὀτρύνοντος ἀκούετε.. Ἕκτορο; do you not hear.[Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἦ τὸ πλοῖον ἀφῖκτα; [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἦ οὐ δοκεῖ καὶ σοὶ οὕτ; don't you think so too? [Refs]; ἦ τορῶς λέγ; [Refs 4th c.BC+]; ἦ κἀν δόμοισι τυγχάνει τανῦν παρώ; [Refs 8th c.BC+]; also in Trag. (in Lyric poetry), [Refs 5th c.BC+]: especially to mark the first of several questions, [Refs 5th c.BC+] ff.; ἦ ἄρα δή..; [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἦ ταῦτα δή..; [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἦ ταῦτα δῆτα..; [Refs]; ἦ γάρ..; [Refs 5th c.BC+]; standing alone, is it not so? [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἦ καί..; [Refs 4th c.BC+] —ἦ usually begins the sentence, except that the vocative may precede, as in [Refs 8th c.BC+] —by Crasis ἦ combines with ἄρα in _Attic dialect_ and the κοινή to ἆρα (which see), in all other dialects [Refs 7th c.BC+]
II.2 Indirect questions, οἴχετο πευσόμενος μετὰ σὸν κλέος ἤ που ἔτ᾽ εἴης [Refs 8th c.BC+], which alone has Ms. authority in [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἀλλ᾽ ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπὲ.. ἢ καὶ Λαέρτῃ αὐτὴν ὁδὸν ἄγγελος ἔλθ; [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἀμφίστασθαι ἦ κα πεφυτεύκωντι πάντα κὰτ τὰν συνθήκαν they shall investigate whether.. [Refs 8th c.BC+]
A ἦ, for ἔφη, 3rd.pers. singular imperfect or aorist 2 of ἠμί (which see). ἦ, for ἦν, Attic dialect contraction from Ionic ἔα, imperfect of εἰμί (sum). Источник: STEPBible.org (Tyndale House, Cambridge), CC BY 4.0

ὁ,
ἡ, τό, is, when thus written,
A demonstrative Pronoun.
B in Attic dialect, definite or prepositive Article.
C in Epic dialect, the so-called postpositive Article, = relative Pronoun, ὅς, ἥ, ὅ.—The nominative masculine and feminine singular and plural, ὁ, ἡ, οἱ, αἱ, have no accent in codices and most printed books, except when used as the relative; but ὁ, ἡ, οἱ, αἱ differ only in writing from ὃ, ἣ, οἳ, α; the nominative forms of the article are said by Hdn.Gr.1.474 to be oxytone, and by [Refs 2nd c.AD+] in Aeolic dialect accusative to [Refs 8th c.BC+] genitive and dative dual τοῖιν [Refs 8th c.BC+]— In Doric dialect and all other dialects except Attic dialect and Ionic dialect the feminine forms preserve the old ᾱ instead of changing it to η, hence Doric dialect etc. ἁ, τάν, τᾶ; the genitive plural τάων contracts in many dialects to τᾶ; the genitive singular is in many places τῶ, accusative plural τώς, but Cretan dialect, etc., τόνς [Refs]; in Lesbian Aeolic dialect the accusative plural forms are τοὶς, ταὶς, [Refs]; dative plural τοῖς, ταῖς (or τοὶς, ταὶς, see above), [Refs]; ταῖσι as demonstrative, [Refs 7th c.BC+] Poets also used the Ionic dialect and _Epic dialect_ forms τοῖσι, ταῖσ; and in Trag. we find τοὶ μέν.., τοὶ δέ.., for οἱ μέν.., οἱ δέ.., not only in Lyric poetry, as [Refs 5th c.BC+]; but even in a trimeter, [Refs 5th c.BC+] ὅ; τὼ πόλεε Foed. cited in [Refs 5th c.BC+]; in [Refs 4th c.AD+] functions as genitive dual feminine, μεσακόθεν τοῖς κράναιυν [Refs 4th c.BC+] —in Elean and _Boeotian dialect_ ὁ, ἡ (ἁ), τό, with the addition of -ί, =ὅδε, ἥδε, τόδε, _nominative_ _plural_ _masculine_ τυΐ the following men, [Refs 3rd c.BC+] cf. Sanskrit demonstrative pronoun sa, sā, Gothic sa, sō, ONorse sá, sú, Old Latin accusative sum, sam (Enn.): —with τό [from *τόδ] cf. Sanskrit tat (tad), Latin is-tud, Gothic pata: —with τοί cf. Sanskrit te, Lithuanian tĩe, O[Refs 5th c.BC+] pá, etc.:—with τάων cf. Sanskrit tāsām, Latin is-tarum:— the origin of the relative ὅς, ἥ, ὅ (which see) is different.)
A ὁ, ἡ, τό, DEMONSTR. PRONOUN, that, the oldest and in [Refs 8th c.BC+] the commonest sense: frequently also in [Refs 5th c.BC+], and sometimes in Trag. (mostly in Lyric poetry, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; τῶν γάρ.., τῆς γάρ.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; seldom in Attic dialect Prose, except in special phrases, see infr. VI, VII):
A.I joined with a substantive, to call attention to it, ὁ Τυδεΐδης he—Tydeus' famous son, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; τὸν Χρύσην that venerable man Chryses, I.II: and so with appellative, Νέστωρ ὁ γέρων N.—thataged man, [Refs]; αἰετοῦ.. τοῦ θηρητῆρος the eagle, that which is called hunter, [Refs]; also to define and give emphasis, τιμῆς τῆς Πριάμου for honour, namely that of Priam, [Refs]; οἴχετ᾽ ἀνὴρ ὤριστος a man is gone, and he the best, [Refs]:—different from this are cases [Refs 8th c.BC+] if he would help the Trojans, but drive those back to the ships—I mean the Achaeans, where Ἀχ. is only added to explain τούς, compare [Refs]
A.II frequently without a substantive, he, she, it, ὁ γὰρ ἦλθε [Refs 8th c.BC+]
A.III placed after its Noun, before the Relat. Prons., ἐφάμην σὲ περὶ φρένας ἔμμεναι ἄλλων, τῶν ὅσσοι Λυκίην ναιετάουσι far above the rest, above those to wit who, etc., [Refs 8th c.BC+]; οἷ᾽ οὔ πώ τιν᾽ ἀκούομεν οὐδὲ παλαιῶν, τάων αἳ πάρος ἦσαν.. Ἀχαιαί such as we have not heard tell of yet even among the women of old, those women to wit who.., [Refs 8th c.BC+] —for the _Attic dialect_ usage see below
A.IV before a Possessive pronoun its demonstrative force is sometimes very manifest, φθίσει σε τὸ σὸν μένος that spirit of thine, [Refs 8th c.BC+]
A.V for cases in which the Homeric usage approaches most nearly to the Attic, see below [Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.VI ὁ μέν.., ὁ δέ.. without a substantive, in all cases, genders, and numbers, [Refs 8th c.BC+] properly refers to the former, ὁ δέ to the latter; more rarely ὁ μέν the latter, ὁ δέ the former, [Refs 5th c.BC+]: sometimes in Partition, the one.., the other.., etc.—The Noun with it is regularly in genitive plural, being divided by the ὁ μέν.., ὁ δέ.., into parts, ἠΐθεοι καὶ παρθένοι.., τῶν δ᾽ αἱ μὲν λεπτὰς ὀθόνας ἔχον, οἱ δὲ χιτῶνας εἵατο [Refs 8th c.BC+]: but frequently the Noun is in the same case, by a kind of apposition, ἴδον υἷε Δάρητος, τὸν μὲν ἀλευάμενον τὸν δὲ κτάμενον [Refs 8th c.BC+]: so in Trag. and Attic dialect, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; if the Noun be collective, it is in the genitive singular, ὁ μὲν πεπραμένος ἦν τοῦ σίτου, ὁ δὲ ἔνδον ἀποκείμενος [Refs 8th c.BC+]
A.VI.2 when a negative accompanies ὁ δέ, it follows δέ, e.g. τὰς γοῦν Ἀθήνας οἶδα τὸν δὲ χῶρον οὔ [Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.VI.3 ὁ μέν τις.., ὁ δέ τις.. is used in Prose, when the Noun to which ὁ refers is left indefinite, ἔλεγον ὁ μέν τις τὴν σοφίαν, ὁ δὲ τὴν καρτερίαν.., ὁ δέ τις καὶ τὸ κάλλος [Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.VI.4 on τὸ μέν.., τὸ δέ.., or τὰ μέν.., τὰ δέ.., [Refs]
A.VI.5 ὁ μέν is frequently used without a corresponding ὁ δέ, οἱ μὲν ἄρ᾽ ἐσκίδναντο.., Μυρμιδόνας δ᾽ οὐκ εἴα ἀποσκίδνασθαι [Refs 8th c.BC+]; by ἄλλος δέ, [Refs 8th c.BC+]
A.VI.6 ὁ δέ following μέν sometimes refers to the subject of the preceding clause, τοῦ μὲν ἅμαρθ᾽, ὁ δὲ Λεῦκον.. βεβλήκει [Refs 8th c.BC+]: rare in Attic dialect Prose, ἐπεψήφιζεν αὐτὸς ἔφορος ὤν· ὁ δὲ οὐκ ἔφη διαγιγνώσκειν τὴν βοήν [Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.VI.7 ὁ δέ is frequently used simply in continuing a narrative, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; also used by [Refs 8th c.BC+]
A.VI.8 the opposition may be expressed otherwise than by μέν and δέ, οὔθ᾽ ὁ.. οὔθ᾽ ὁ [Refs 8th c.BC+]
A.VII the following usages prevailed in Attic dialect Prose,
A.VII.1 in dialogue, after καί, it was usual to say in nominative singular masculine καὶ ὅ; in the other cases the usual forms of the Article were used (see. ὅς [Refs 4th c.BC+] II.I and cf. Sanskrit sas, alternatative form of sa); so, in accusative, καὶ τὸν εἰπεῖν [Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.VII.2 ὁ καὶ ὁ such and such, τῇ καὶ τῇ ἀτιμίᾳ [Refs 5th c.BC+]: but mostly in accusative, καί μοι κάλει τὸν καὶ τόν [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀνάγκη ἄρα τὸ καὶ τό it must then be so and so, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; but τὰ καὶ τά now one thing, now another, of good and bad, τὸν δ᾽ ἀγαθὸν τολμᾶν χρὴ τά τε καὶ τὰ φέρειν [Refs 6th c.BC+]; so πάντα τοῦ μετρίου μεταβαλλόμενα ἐπὶ τὰ καὶ ἐπὶ τά, of excess and defect, [Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.VIII absolutely usages of single cases,
A.VIII.1 feminine dative τῇ, of Place, there, on that spot, here, this way, that way, [Refs 8th c.BC+], etc.: also in Prose, τὸ μὲν τῇ, τὸ δὲ τῇ [Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.VIII.1.b with a notion of motion towards, that way, in that direction, [Refs 8th c.BC+] —only poetry
A.VIII.1.c of Manner, τῇ περ τελευτήσεσθαι ἔμελλεν in this way, thus, [Refs 8th c.BC+]
A.VIII.1.d repeated, τῇ μέν.., τῇ δέ.., in one way.., in another.., or partly.., partly.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.VIII.1.e relative, where, by which way, only Epic dialect, as [Refs 8th c.BC+]
A.VIII.2 neuter dative τῷ, therefore, on this account, frequently in [Refs 8th c.BC+]
A.VIII.2.b thus, so, [Refs 8th c.BC+] precedes, be translated, then, if this be so, on this condition, [Refs 8th c.BC+]
A.VIII.3 neuter accusative τό, wherefore, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; also τὸ δέ absolutely, but the fact is.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; even when the τό refers to what precedes, the contrast may lie not in the thing referred to, but in another part of the sentence (compare above[Refs 5th c.BC+]; φασὶ δέ τινες αὐτὸν καὶ τῶν ἑπτὰ σοφῶν γεγονέναι· τὸ δὲ οὐκ ἦν but he was not, [Refs 1st c.BC+]
A.VIII.4 τὸ μέν.., τὸ δέ.., partly.., partly.., or on the one hand.., on the other.., [Refs 8th c.BC+]; more frequently τὰ μέν.., τὰ δέ.., [Refs 5th c.BC+] in the first clause, τὸ δέ τι [Refs] several times.. and finally, [Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.VIII.5 of Time, sometimes that time, sometimes this (present) time, συνμαχία κ᾽ ἔα ἑκατὸν ϝέτεα, ἄρχοι δέ κα τοΐ (where it is possible, but not necessary, to supply ϝέτος) [Refs 6th c.BC+] from that time, [Refs 8th c.BC+]
A.VIII.5.b πρὸ τοῦ, sometimes written προτοῦ, before this, aforetime, [Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.VIII.5.c in Thess. Prose, ὑππρὸ τᾶς yesterday, τὰ ψαφίσματα τό τε ὑππρὸ τᾶς γενόμενον καὶ τὸ τᾶμον the decree which was passed yesterday (literal before this [day]), and to-day's, [Refs 3rd c.BC+]
A.VIII.6 ἐν τοῖς is frequently used in Prose with Superlatives, ἐν τοῖσι θειότατον a most marvellous thing, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν τοῖς πρῶτοι the very first, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν τοῖσι πρῶτος (πρώτοις codices) [Refs 5th c.BC+]; [Ζεὺς] Ἔρωτά τε καὶ Ἀνάγκην ἐν τοῖς πρῶτα ἐγέννησεν first of all, [Refs 2nd c.AD+] the greatest number of ships, [Refs 5th c.BC+]: also with adverbs, ἐν τοῖς μάλιστα [Refs 5th c.BC+]: in late Prose, also with Positives, ἐν τοῖς παράδοξον [Refs 1st c.BC+]
B ὁ, ἡ, τό, THE DEFINITE ARTICLE, the, to specify individuals: rare in this signification in the earliest Gr., becoming commoner later. In [Refs 8th c.BC+] the demonstrative force can generally be traced, [Refs 4th c.BC+] I, but the definite Article must be recognized in places [Refs 8th c.BC+]: also when joined to an adjective to make it a substantive, αἰὲν ἀποκτείνων τὸν ὀπίστατον the hindmost man, [Refs 8th c.BC+].; also in τῶν ἄλλων [Refs]; also τὸ τρίτον[Refs]; τὸ μὲν ἄλλο for the rest,[Refs]—The true Article, however, is first fully established in 5th C Attic dialect, whilst the demonstrative usage disappears, except in a few cases, V. [Refs 4th c.BC+] —Chief usages, especially in _Attic dialect_
B.I not only with common Appellats., adjectives, and Parts., to specify them as present to sense or mind, but also frequently where we use the Possessive pronoun, τὸ κέαρ ηὐφράνθην [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὴν κεφαλὴν κατεάγην my head was broken, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τοὺς φίλους ποιούμεθα we make our friends, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰς πόλεις ἔκτιζον they began founding their cities, [Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.I.b omitted with proper nounsand frequently with Appellats. which require no specification, as θεός, βασιλεύς, see at θεός [Refs] III; ἐμ πόλει in the Acropolis, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; compare Θράσυλος in [Refs]; or when the person spoken of is to be specially distinguished, Ζεύς, ὅστις ὁ Ζεύς whoever this Zeus is, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; and therefore properly omitted when a special designation follows, as Σωκράτης ὁ φιλόσοφος: seldom in Trag. with proper nouns, save to give peculiar emphasis, like Latin ille, ὁ Λάϊος, ὁ Φοῖβος, [Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.I.c Aristotle says Σωκράτης meaning the historical Socrates, as in [Refs] when he means the Platonic Socrates, as [Refs]
B.I.d for Σαῦλος ὁ καὶ Παῦλος, etc., see at καί [Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.I.2 in a generic sense, where the individual is treated as a type, οἷς ὁ γέρων μετέῃσιν.. λεύσσει [Refs 8th c.BC+]
B.I.2.b frequently with abstract Nouns, ἥ τε ἐλπὶς καὶ ὁ ἔρως [Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.I.3 of outstanding members of a class, ὁ γεωγράφος, ὁ κωμικός, ὁ ποιητής, ὁ τεχνικός, see at γεωγράφος, κωμικός, ποιητής, τεχνικός.
B.I.4 with infinitives, which thereby become Substantives, τὸ εἴργειν prevention, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὸ φρονεῖν good sense, [Refs 5th c.BC+]infinitive, τὸ θεοὺς εἶναι the existence of gods, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὸ μηδένα εἶναι ὄλβιον the fact or statement that no one is happy, [Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.I.5 in neuter before any word or expression which itself is made the object of thought, τὸ ἄνθρωπος the word or notion man; τὸ λέγω the word λέγ; τὸ μηδὲν ἄγαν the sentiment 'ne quid nimis', [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὸ τῇ αὐτῇ the phrase τῇ αὐτῇ, [Refs 5th c.BC+] the opinion about the question 'who ought to rule', [Refs]; τὸ ἐὰν μένητε παρ᾽ ἐμοί, ἀποδώσω the phrase 'I will give back, if.. ', [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὸ ὀλίγοι the term few, [Refs 4th c.BC+]
B.I.6 before relative clauses, when the Article serves to combine the whole relative clause into one notion, τῇ ᾗ φὴς σὺ σκληρότητι the harshness you speak of, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὸν ἥμερον καρπόν.., καὶ τὸν ὅσος ξύλινος (i.e. καὶ τὸν καρπὸν ὅσος ἂν ᾖ ξύλινος) [Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.I.7 before Prons.,
B.I.7.a before the person Prons., giving them greater emphasis, but only in accusative, τὸν ἐμέ [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὸν.. σὲ καὶ ἐμέ[Refs]
B.I.7.b before the interrogative pronoun (both τίς and ποῖος), referring to something before, which needs to be more distinctly specified, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τῆς ποίας μερίδο; [Refs 4th c.BC+]; τοῖς ποίοις..; [Refs 4th c.BC+]
B.I.7.c with τοιοῦτος, τοιόσδε, τηλικοῦτος, etc., the Article either makes the pronoun into a substantive, ὁ τοιοῦτος that sort of person, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; or subjoins it to a substantive which already has an Article, τὴν ἀπολογίαν τὴν τοιαύτην [Refs 4th c.BC+]
B.I.8 before ἅπας, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; also τὸν ἕνα, τὸν ἕνα τοῦτον, [Refs 4th c.BC+] see entry; and on οἱ ἄλλοι, οἱ πολλοί, etc., see at ἄλλος [Refs]
B.I.9 the Article with the comparative is rare, if ἤ follows, [Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.II elliptic expressions:
B.II.1 before the genitive of a proper name, to express descent, son or daughter, Θουκυδίδης ὁ Ὀλόρου (i.e. υἱός) [Refs 5th c.BC+]; Ἑλένη ἡ τοῦ Διός (i.e. θυγάτηρ) [Refs 5th c.BC+]: also to denote other relationships, e.g. brother, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἡ Σμικυθίωνος Μελιστίχη M.the wife of [Refs 5th c.BC+]; Κλέαρχος καὶ οἱ ἐκείνου Cl. and his men, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὁ τοῦ Ἀντιγένεος the slave of [Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.II.2 generally, before a genitive it indicates a wider relation, as τὸ τῶν νεῶν, τὸ τῶν Ἑρμῶν, the matter of the ships, the affair of the Hermae, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ τοῦ Ἀρριβαίου πράσσειν to promote the interests of Arrhibaeus, [Refs]; τὸ τῆς τύχης,=ἡ τύχη, [Refs]; τὰ τῆς τύχης accidents, chance events, [Refs]; τὰ γὰρ φθιτῶν τοῖς ὁρῶσι κόσμος performance of the rites due to the dead befits the living, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ τῶν θεῶν that which is destined by the gods, [Refs 5th c.BC+] what regards me or thee, my or thy business or interests, [Refs 5th c.BC+]: and with genitive of [Refs 5th c.BC+] is frequently also, a man's word or saying, as τὸ τοῦ Σόλωνος [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὸ τοῦ Ὁμήρου as Homer says, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; also τά τινος so-and-so's house, [NT+5th c.BC+]
B.II.3 very frequently with cases governed by Preps.. αἱ ἐκ τῆς Ζακύνθου νῆες the ships from Zacynthus, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; also τὰ ἐπὶ Θρᾴκης the Thrace-ward district, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ ἀπὸ τοῦ καταστρώματος matters on deck, [Refs]; τὰ ἀπ᾽ Ἀλκιβιάδου the proposals of Alcibiades, [Refs]; τὰ ἀπὸ τῆς τύχης the incidents of fortune, [Refs]
B.II.4 on μὰ τόν, μὰ τήν, etc., see at μά IV.
B.II.5 in elliptical phrases, ἐπορευόμην τὴν ἔξω τείχους (i.e. ὁδόν) [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἡ αὔριον (i.e. ἡμέρα), see at αὔριον; ἡ Λυδιστί (i.e. ἁρμονία) [Refs 4th c.BC+]; ὁ οἴκαδε πλοῦς [Refs 5th c.BC+], etc.; but τό stands absolutely with Advs. of time and place, when one cannot (as in the preceding instances) supply a substantive, as κἀκεῖσε καὶ τὸ δεῦρο [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὁ μὲν τὸ κεῖθεν, ὁ δὲ τὸ κεῖθεν [Refs 5th c.BC+]
C as RELATIVE PRONOUN in many dialects; both in nominative singular masculine ὅ, as κλῦθί μοι, ὃ χθιζὸς θεὸς ἤλυθες [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὃ ἐξορύξη he who banishes him, [Refs]; and in the forms beginning with τ, especially in [Refs 8th c.BC+]: also in Ionic dialect Poets, ἐν τῷ κάθημαι [Refs 7th c.BC+]; τό [Refs]; τῶν[Refs]—Never in Comedy texts or Attic dialect Prose:—Epic dialect genitive singular τεῦ [Refs 8th c.BC+]
D CRASIS OF ARTICLE:
D.a Attic dialect ὁ, ἡ, τό, with ᾰ make ᾱ, as ἁνήρ, ἁλήθεια, τἀγαθόν, τᾄτιο; so οἱ, αἱ, τά, as ἅνδρες, τἀγαθ; also τοῦ, τῷ, as τἀγαθοῦ, τἀγαθῷ: ὁ, τό, οἱ, before e gives ου, οὑξ, οὑπί, οὑμός, τοὔργον, οὑπιχώριοι, etc.; also τοῦ, as τοὐμοῦ, τοὐπιόντο; but ἅτερος, θάτερον ([musical notation]), Ionic dialect οὕτερος, τοὔτερον (see. ἕτερος), Attic dialect feminine ἡτέρα, dative θητέρᾳ (see. ἕτερος); τῷ loses the iota, τὠμῷ, τὠπιόντι: ὁ, τό, before ο gives ου, as Οὁδυσσεύς, Οὑλύμπιος, τοὔνομα: ὁ, τό, etc., before αυ gives ᾱυ, αὑτός, ταὐτό, ταὐτῷ (frequently written ἁτός, etc. in Inscrr. and Papyrus); so τὰ αὐτά=ταὐτά, αἱ αὐταί=αὑταί: ἡ before εὐ gives ηὑ, as ηὑλάβεια: τῇ before ἡ gives θη, as θἠμέρᾳ: τὸ before ὑ gives θου, as θοὔδωρ for τὸ ὕδωρ.
D.b other dialects: in their treatment of crasis these follow the local laws of contraction, hence, e.g., Doric dialect ὡξ from ὁ ἐξ [Refs 3rd c.BC+]; Ionic dialect ᾡσυμνήτης from ὁ αἰς-[Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὡυτή from ἡ αὐτή [Refs 1st c.AD+] Источник: STEPBible.org (Tyndale House, Cambridge), CC BY 4.0