Библейское слово «μαθεῖν» в греческих словарях

μᾰθεῖν inf. aor._2 к μανθάνω.

μανθάνω (fut. μᾰθήσομαι — дор. μᾰθεῦμαι; aor._2 ἔμαθον — эп. ἔμμαθον и μάθον, pf. μεμάθηκα; pass. только praes. и pf. μεμάθημαι; adj._verb. μαθητός)

1) учиться, изучать или усваивать (τι Hom., Her. etc.): οἱ μανθάνοντες Xen. учащиеся;

2) заучивать (τὰ Ὁμήρου ἔπη Xen.);

3) осведомляться, узнавать, слышать (τι ἔκ, παρά и πρός τινος или τί τινος Trag. etc.; ἀπό и παρά τινος NT): μαθοῦσ᾽ ἔληξα Soph. услышав (это), я замолчала; τί βούλει μαθεῖν ἐμοῦ; Eur. что ты хочешь узнать от меня?; μάθε πρῶτον τίνες εἰσίν Xen. узнай прежде всего, кто они;

4) замечать, видеть (τοὺς ἔξω Her.): ἵνα ἀλλήλους μάθοιεν ὁπόσοι εἴησαν Xen. чтобы им можно было видеть, сколько их; μαθεῖν οὐ δυσπετής Soph. его нетрудно узнать; διαβεβλημένος οὐ μανθάνεις Her. ты не замечаешь, что ты обманут;

5) понимать (ἴσως οὔ μανθάνετέ μου ὅτι λέγω; Plat.): μανθάνω ἔξωρα πράσσω Soph. я сознаю, что поступаю не так, как следует;

6) выдумывать, воображать (только в разговорных оборотах с μαθών со значением — подобно παθών — «здорово живёшь», «ни с того, ни с сего»): τί ἄξιός εἰμι παθεῖν, ὅτι μαθὼν ἐν τῷ βίῳ οὐχ ἡσυχίαν ἦγον; Plat. какого наказания я достоин за то, что за всю жизнь почему-то я не знал покоя?; τί δὴ μαθών …; Arph. etc. с чего это ты вдруг …? или как это тебя угораздило …?

μανθάνω
[in LXX chiefly for לָמַד ;]
1. to learn, esp. by inquiry: absol., 1Co.14:31, 1Ti.2:11, 2Ti.3:7; with accusative of thing(s), Jhn.7:15 (sc. αὐτά), Rom.16:17, 1Co.14:35, Php.4:9, 2Ti.3:14, Rev.14:3; before quaes. indir., Mat.9:13 Χριστόν, Eph.4:20 (ICC, in l); before ἀπό, with genitive of thing(s), Mat.24:32, Mrk.13:28; ἀπό, with genitive of person(s), Mat.11:29, Col.1:7; παρά, with genitive of person(s), 2Ti.3:14 ἐν, with dative of person(s), 1Co.4:6 "point" aorist (M, Pr., 117), to ascertain, before ὅτι, Act.23:27 with accusative before ἀπό, Gal.3:2
2. to learn by use and practice, acquire the habit of, be accustomed to: with inf. (Bl., § 69, 4), 1Ti.5:4, Tit.3:14; id. with nom, in pred. (El., § 72, 1), Php.4:11 with accusative of thing(s) before ἀπό, Heb.5:8 ἀργαὶ μανθάνουσιν (EV, they learn to be idle; Bl., § 73, 5; Field, Notes, 210), 1Ti.5:13†
(AS) Источник: STEPBible.org (Tyndale House, Cambridge), CC BY 4.0

μανθάνω,
[Refs 5th c.BC+]: future μᾰθήσομαι [Refs 6th c.BC+]; Doric dialect μᾰθεῦμαι uncertain in [Refs 3rd c.BC+]: aorist ἔμᾰθον [Refs 5th c.BC+]; Epic dialect ἔμμαθον [Refs 8th c.BC+]: perfect μεμάθηκα [Refs 6th c.BC+]pluperfect ἐμεμαθήκη[Refs]; 3rd.pers. singular ἐμεμαθήκει [Refs]; 3rd.pers. plural μεμαθήκεσαν [Refs 5th c.BC+]:—passive, used by good writers only in present, as [Refs 8th c.BC+]aorist forms μάθον, ἔμμαθες, ἔμμαθε:—learn, especially by study (but also, by practice, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; by experience, [Refs 8th c.BC+]: with infinitive, μάθον ἔμμεναι ἐσθλός [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ταλάντου τοῦτ᾽ ἔμαθεν for a talent, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἱ μανθάνοντες learners, pupils, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; μ. τὰ Ὁμήρου ἔπη learn by heart, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; μ. τί τινος learn from.., [Refs 5th c.BC+] Thgn.[same place]; μ. καθ᾽ Ὅμηρον Xenoph.[same place]; τι ἔκ τινος [Refs 5th c.BC+]; παρά τινος ὅτι.. [Refs 5th c.BC+]; πρὶν μάθοιμ᾽ εἰ.. [Refs]: with infinitive, learn to.., or how to.., [Refs 8th c.BC+]
II acquire a habit of, and in past tenses, to be accustomed to.., with infinitive, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὸ μεμαθηκός that which is usual, πρότερον ἢ ὕστερον τοῦ μ. [Refs]; ἀργαὶ μανθάνουσι acquire a habit of idleness, [NT]
III perceive, remark, notice, τὸ πλῆθος [Refs 5th c.BC+]
III.2 frequently with participle, μ. τὴν νέα ἐμβαλοῦσαν [Refs 5th c.BC+]; μάνθανε ὤν know that you are, [Refs 5th c.BC+]
III.3 with ὅτι, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; with ὡς, [Refs 5th c.BC+]
IV understand [Refs 5th c.BC+] if you take me, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; d'ye see? Answ., πάνυ μανθάνω perfectly! [Refs 5th c.BC+]
V τί μαθών..; frequently in questions, literal under what persuasion, with what idea? hence ironically for why on earth? τί δὴ μ. φαίνεις ἄνευ θρυαλλίδο; [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τί τοῦτο μ. προσέγραψε; [Refs 4th c.BC+] (sometimes with variantτί παθών; what possessed you to.. ? compare πάσχω); imitated in later Greek, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; also indirectly, because (with a sense of disapprobation), ὅ τι μαθόντες τοὺς ξένους μὲν λέγετε ποιητὰς σοφούς [Refs 5th c.BC+]: even with neuter subject, ὅμως δ᾽ ἂν κακὰ ἦν, ὅ τι μαθόντα χαίρειν ποιεῖ [Refs] Источник: STEPBible.org (Tyndale House, Cambridge), CC BY 4.0