ὅπως,
Epic dialect also and
Aeolic dialect ὅππως,
Ionic dialect ὅκως,
Doric dialect ὁπῶς accusative to [
Refs 2nd c.AD+]
adverb of Manner, Relat.
as, in such manner as, and with
interrogative force
how, in what manner, rarely
indefinite, see below [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
B FINAL CONJUNCTION,
in such a manner that, in order that. adverb of Manner,
how, as:
B.I Relat. to ὥς or οὕτως (like ὡς),
in such manner as, as:
B.I.1 with the ordinary Constr. of the Relat.:
B.I.1.a with
indicative, ἦ τοι νόστον, ὅπως φρεσὶ σῇσι μενοινᾷς, ὥς τοι Ζεὺς τελέσειεν [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
adverb, με τοῖον ἔθηκεν, ὅπως (for οἷον)[
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὅ. ἔχω
as I am,
on the spot, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.I.1.b with
future indicative, especially after Verbs of seeing, providing, taking care..,
in the manner in which, how, that, οἱ Περσικοὶ νόμοι ἐπιμέλονται ὅπως μὴ τοιοῦτοι ἔσονται οἱ πολῖται [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: this
future indicative may become
optative after a historical tense, ἐπεμελεῖτο ὅπως μήτε ἄσιτοι μήτε ἄποτοί ποτε ἔσοιντο [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; and ὅπως is frequently used interchangeably with such forms as δι᾽ ὧν, ὅτῳ τρόπῳ, etc., εἰσηγοῦνται μὴ δι᾽ ὧν.. ἀσκήσουσιν, ἀλλ᾽ ὅπως.. δόξουσι [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: this sense easily passes into a final sense,
so that, τοῦτο ἀπόβαλε οὕτω ὅκως μηκέτι ἥξει [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὕτω δ᾽ (i.e. ποίει) ὅπως μήτηρ σε μὴ 'πιγνώσεται [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; see below [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.I.2 with ἄν (
Epic dialect κε) and
subjunctive in indefinite sentences,
in whatever way, just as, however, ὅππως κεν ἐθέλῃσιν [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
B.I.2.b with
optative after historical tenses, οὕτως ὅ. τύχοιεν [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; in a gnomic statement, εἰκῇ κράτιστον ζῆν ὅ. δύναιτό τις [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
however one might think fit to call it, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
B.I.3 a very common phrase is οὐκ ἔστιν ὅ. (οὐκ ἔσθ᾽ ὅπως) there is no way
in which.., it cannot be
that, οὐκ ἔστι ὅκως κοτὲ σοὺς δέξονται λόγους [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; so οὐκ ἔστιν ὅ. οὐ,
fieri non potest quin, οὐκ ἔσθ᾽ ὅ. οὐ πιστὸν ἐξ ὑμῶν πτερὸν ἐξήγαγ᾽ [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐδαμῶς ὅ. οὐ, in answer,
it must positively be so, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐ γὰρ γένοιτ᾽ ἄν, ταῦθ᾽ ὅ. οὐχ ὧδ᾽ ἔχειν (
anacoluthon for ἔχει or ἕξει) [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἔστιν οὖν ὅ. ὁ τοιοῦτος φιλοσοφήσε; [
Refs 5th c.BC+] may be followed by
optative with ἄν, οὐ γάρ ἐσθ᾽ ὅπως μί᾽ ἡμέρα γένοιτ᾽ ἂν ἡμέραι δύο [
Refs 5th c.BC+] is omitted in οὐκ ἔσθ᾽ ὅπως λέξαιμι [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.I.4 in Trag., etc., likeὡς in comparisons, κῦμ᾽ ὅπως [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὅπως δρῦν ὑλοτόμοι σχίζουσι κάρα [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; so in
Locrian dialect Prose, ὅπω(σ)ξένον [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.I.5 likeὡς or ὅτι, with
superlative of Advs., ὅ. ἄριστα [
Refs 4th c.BC+]; ὅ. ἀνωτάτω as high up
as possible, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; in full, οὕτως ὅ. ἥδιστα (i.e. ἔχει) [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.I.6 with a
genitive added, σοῦσθε ὅ. ποδῶν run
as you are off for feet, i. e. as quick as you can, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.I.7 sometimes of Time,
when, Τρῶες.. ὅπως ἴδον αἷμ᾽ Ὀδυσῆος.., ἐπ᾽ αὐτῷ πάντες ἔβησαν [
Refs 8th c.BC+] with
optative,
whenever, ὅκως μὲν εἴη ἐν τῇ γῇ καρπὸς ἁδρός [
Refs]: in Trag. and Comedy texts, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: with
superlative of Advs., ὅ. πρῶτα
as soon as, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
B.I.8 of Place,
where, uncertain in [
Refs 3rd c.BC+]
B.II ὅπως is sometimes used to introduce the substance of a statement, after Verbs of saying, thinking, or perceiving,
that, how, λόγῳ ἀνάπεισον ὅκως.. [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; τοῦτ᾽ αὐτὸ μή μοι φράζ᾽, ὅπως οὐκ εἶ κακός [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; after ἐλπίζειν, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; after Verbs of emotion, ἐμοὶ δ᾽ ἄχος.., ὅπως δὴ δηρὸν ἀποίχεται grief is mine, when I think
how.. (i. e.
that.. ), [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; after θαυμάζω frequently in
Attic dialect, θαυμάζω ὅ. ποτὲ ἐπείσθησαν Ἀθηναῖοι [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.II.2 οὐχ ὅ... ἀλλὰ or ἀλλὰ καὶ.. is
not only not.. but.., and is explained by an ellipsis of λέγω or ἐρῶ (compare ὅτι IV), οὐχ ὅ. κωλυταὶ.. γενήσεσθε, ἀλλὰ καὶ.. δύναμιν προσλαβεῖν περιόψεσθε
not only will you
not become..,
but you will
also.., [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
do not think that you could dance =
so far from being able to dance, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.II.2.b οὐχ ὅ. rarely follows another clause,
to say nothing of.., let alone.., πεπαύμεθ᾽ ἡμεῖς, οὐχ ὅ. σε παύσομεν [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; μηδ᾽ ἐμπίδα, οὐχ ὅπως ταῦρον ἔτι ἄρασθαι δυνάμενος..
let alone a bull, [
Refs 2nd c.AD+]
B.III in in direct questions,
how, in what way or
manner:
B.III.1 with
indicative,
B.III.1.a ἔσπετε νῦν μοι ὅππως δὴ.. πῦρ ἔμπεσε νηυσίν [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
B.III.1.b notably
future after Verbs of deliberation (like the
subjunctive, see[
Refs]; φράζευ ὅπως Δαναοῖσιν ἀλεξήσεις κακὸν ἦμαρ (variantἀλεξήσῃς)[
Refs 8th c.BC+]
B.III.2 with deliberative
subjunctive after Verbs of deliberation, taking care, and the like, λεύσσει ὅπως ὄχ᾽ ἄριστα.. γένηται [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐνόησεν (gnomic
aorist) ὅππως κέρδος ἔῃ [
Refs 8th c.BC+]—Sts. the
future and
subjunctive are conjoined without difference of meaning, ἐπράττετο γὰρ.., πρῶτον μὲν ὅπως μὴ περιμείνητε.., δεύτερον δὲ ὅπως ψηφιε̄σθε.., τρίτον δὲ ὅπως μὴ ἔσται [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.III.3 with
optative after tenses of past time, τῶν ἀδῄλων ὅπως ἀποβήσοιτο [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
B.III.4 with
optative and ἄν frequently expressing a wish, which in
direct speech would be expressed by πῶς ἄν, σκόπει ὅ. ἂν ἀποθάνοιμεν ἀνδρικώτατα [
Refs 5th c.BC+] and
subjunctive sometimes appear in consecutive clauses, [
Refs]
B.III.5 ὅπως ἄν (κεν) with the
subjunctive is used after
imperative or
infinitive used as
imperative, πείρα ὅπως κεν δὴ σὴν πατρίδα γαῖαν ἵκηαι [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
B.III.6 rarely with
infinitive, ἐπιμελήθητε προθύμως ὅπως διπλάσια.. σῖτα καὶ ποτὰ παρασκευασθῆναι [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; so later ὅπως παρακολουθῆμεν (
Doric dialect infinitive) [
Refs 2nd c.BC+]; ὅπως.. ἔχειν, ὅπως.. εἴργεσθαι, [
Refs 1st c.BC+]
B.III.7 after Verbs of fear and caution, ὅπως and ὅπως μή are used with
future indicative or
aorist subjunctive:— the readings are frequently uncertain: the following (among others) are made certain either by the metre or the form,
B.III.7.a with
future indicative, δέδοιχ᾽ ὅπως μὴ τεύξομαι [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: sometimes the preceding Verb is omitted, ὅπως μὴ οὐκ.. ἔσομαι [
Refs]
B.III.7.b with
aorist subjunctive, τὴν θεὸν δ᾽ ὅ. λάθω δέδοικα [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: rarely with
present, οὐ φοβεῖ ὅ. μὴ ἀνόσιον πρᾶγμα τυγχάνῃς πράττων [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: sometimes the preceding Verb is omitted, with
aorist subjunctive, ὅκως μή τι ὑμῖν πανώλεθρον κακὸν ἐς τὴν χώρην ἐσβάλωσι [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: with
present subjunctive, ὅπως μὴ.. ᾖ τοῦτο [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.III.7.c with
optative representing
subjunctive after a historical tense, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.III.8 this Constr. is used in admonitions or commands: in the originally Constr. a Verb implying caution or circumspection precedes, ὅρα ὅκως μή σευ ἀποστήσονται Πέρσαι [
Refs 5th c.BC+] with
future indicative or
aorist subjunctive are exactly = the
imperative, ἔμβα χὤπως ἀρεῖς [
Refs]
future indicative, ὅκως λόγον δώσεις τῶν μετεχείρισας χρημάτων, =δίδου λόγον, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὅπως παρέσει μοι, =πάρισθι, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: rarely with I
person, ὁποῖα κισσὸς δρυός, ὅπως τῆσδ᾽ ἕξομαι [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: very rarely with
aorist subjunctive, ὅπως μή τι ἡμᾶς σφήλῃ [
Refs 5th c.BC+] —The codices frequently vary, as between διδάξεις and
-ξῃς [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; τιμωρήσονται and
-ωνται[
Refs 5th c.BC+]; θορυβήσει and
-σῃ[
Refs 4th c.BC+] —Since the
future is frequently, and the
aorist (whether 1 or 2) rarely guaranteed by metre or form, the
aorist 1 forms should probably be rejected, both in
signification 7 and 8, in cases where codices vary.
B.III.9 as the echo to a preceding πῶ; in dialogue, A καὶ πῶ; B ὅπως"; [do you ask]
how? [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.III.10 with a
genitive (see.[
Refs]
in the matter of.., [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.IV in
direct questions,
how? ἔπραξας ὅπω; [
Refs 4th c.AD+]-C.; compare ὅστις.
B.V indefinite,
anyhow, τὸ οὐδ᾽ ὅ. the expression 'not
at all', [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B FINAL CONJUNCTION,
that, in order that, the original notion of modality being merged in that of purpose or design, compare ἵνα, with which it is sometimes interchanged, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.1 with
subjunctive,
B.1.a after primary tenses, or after
subjunctive or
imperative, τὸν δὲ μνηστῆρες.. λοχῶσιν, ὅπως ἀπὸ φῦλον ὄληται [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
B.1.b after historical tenses (see. ἵνα [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
perfect form, or when the
aorist represents the
perfect, ξυνελέγημεν ἐνθάδε, ὅ. προμελετήσωμεν we were convened, i. e. we have met in assembly, [
Refs 5th c.BC+], etc.: sometimes the
optative and
subjunctive appear in consecutive clauses, φρυκτοὺς παρεσκευασμένους ἐς αὐτὸ τοῦτο, ὅπως ἀσαφῆ τὰ σημεῖα.. ᾖ καὶ μὴ βοηθοῖεν [
Refs]
B.2 with
optative after historical tenses, πὰρ δέ οἱ αὐτὸς ἔστη, ὅπως.. κῆρας ἀλάλκοι [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; so in [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: after historical
present, πέμπει τούσδ᾽ ὅπως κτείνοιεν [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.3 with
indicative,
B.3.a of historical tenses, where the principal clause expresses an action or obligation unfulfilled, εἴθ᾽ εἶχε φωνὴν ἔμφρον᾽ ἀγγέλου δίκην, ὅ. δίφροντις οὖσα μὴ 'κινυσσόμην [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: rare in Prose, ἐδεξάμην ἃν.. φράσαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς.., ὅ... προῄδετε [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; τίς οὐκ ἂν.. ταῦτα ἐδήλωσεν, ὅ... ταῦτα ἠλέγχθ; [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; τί.. οὐκ ἔρριψ᾽ ἐμαυτὴν.. ὅ. ἀπηλλάγη; [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
B.3.b of
future, θέλγει, ὅ. Ἰθάκης ἐπιλήσεται (= φραζομένη ὅπως ἐ.) [
Refs 8th c.BC+]: sometimes
future indicative and
aorist subjunctive are conjoined, σιγᾶθ᾽, ὅ. μὴ πεύσεταί τις, ὦ τέκνα, γλώσσης χάριν δὲ πάντ᾽ ἀπαγγείλῃ τάδε [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
B.II ὅπως with
subjunctive is sometimes used after Verbs of will and endeavour, instead of the
infinitive, λίσσεσθαι.. ὅ. νημερτέα εἴπῃ [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; παρακελεύεσθε ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς ὅ... ἐξίητε [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; so δεῖ σ᾽ ὅ. δείξεις (for δεῖξαι), [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
Источник: STEPBible.org (Tyndale House, Cambridge), CC BY 4.0
