Библейское слово «στοιχεῖον» в греческих словарях

στοιχεῖον τό

1) тень от стрелки солнечных часов: ὅταν ᾖ δεκάπουν τὸ ~ Arph. когда тень от стрелки достигнет десяти футов;

2) буква (с точки зрения её звукового достоинства), звук речи: ~ ἐστιν φωνὴ ἀδιαίρετος Arst. звук речи есть звук неделимый; τὰ τῶν γραμμάτων στοιχεῖα Plat. звучания букв; κατὰ ~ Anth. по алфавиту;

3) филос. (материальное) первоначало, элемент, стихия: τὰ τῶν πάντων στοιχεῖα Plat. мировые стихии; ἀνηλεὲς ~ Babr. безжалостная стихия, т._е. море; ἡ ἀρχὴ καὶ τὸ ~ Arst. начало формирующее и начало вещественное;

4) начало, основа (τὸ ἁπλοῦν καὶ ἀδιαίρετον ~ λέγεται Arst.): τὸ νόμισμα ~ τῆς ἀλλαγῆς ἐστιν Arst. деньги являются основой обмена; στοιχεῖα τῆς λέξεως Arst. части речи;

5) основная идея, основоположение, принцип (στοιχεῖα περὶ ἀγαθοῦ Arst.): στοιχεῖα τῶν ἀποδείξεων Arst. принципы доказательств, т._е. термины силлогизма;

6) астр. знак Зодиака (τὰ δώδεκα στοιχεῖα Diog._L.).

στοιχεῖον, -ου, τό
[in LXX: Wis.7:17; 19:18, 4Ma.12:13 * ;]
prop., one of a row (στοῖχος) or series, hence,
1. the shadow-line of a dial (Aristoph.).
2. an elementary sound or letter of the alphabet (Anth., Plut., π.).
3. the elements or rudiments of knowledge (Arist., al.) Heb.5:12 πτωχὰ σ., Gal.4:9 σ. τοῦ κόσμου, Gal.4:3, Col.2:8, 20 (but see infr.).
4. The material elements of the universe (Plat.; LXX, ll. with): 2Pe.3:10; 3:12.
5. The heavenly bodies (Ding. Laert.).
6. The demons or tutelary spirits of nature (Enoch., Test., Sol., al.; for this sense in Ga, Col, ll. with, see ICC on Col.2:8 Enc. Bibl., see word " Elements ").†
(AS) Источник: STEPBible.org (Tyndale House, Cambridge), CC BY 4.0

στοιχεῖον, τό:

I in a form of sun-dial, the shadow of the gnomon, the length of which in feet indicated the time of day, ὅταν ᾖ δεκάπουν τὸ σ. when the shadow is ten feet long, [Refs 5th c.BC+], see [Refs 4th c.BC+]
II element,
II.1 a simple sound of speech, as the first component of the syllable, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὸ ῥῶ τὸ σ[Refs 4th c.BC+] —στοιχεῖα therefore, strictly, were different from letters (γράμματα), [Refs 2nd c.BC+], but are frequently not clearly distinguished from them, as by [Refs 5th c.BC+]; σ. ε ¯ letter ε (in a filing-system), [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; ἀκουόμενα σ. letters which are pronounced, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; γράμματα and ς. are expressly identified by [Refs 2nd c.BC+]; the ς. and its name are confused by [Refs 2nd c.BC+] — κατὰ στοιχεῖον in the order of the letters, alphabetically, [Refs 1st c.AD+]
II.2 in Physics, στοιχεῖα were the components into which matter is ultimately divisible, elements, reduced to four by Empedocles, who called them ῥιζὤματα, the word στοιχεῖα being first used (accusative to [Refs 5th c.BC+], τὰ πρῶτα οἱονπερεὶ σ, ἐξ ὧν ἡμεῖς τε συγκείμεθα καὶ τἄλλα [Refs]; τὰ τῶν πάντων σ. [Refs 4th c.BC+]; ἄτομα σ. [Refs 4th c.BC+]; equivalent to ἀρχαί, Thales cited in [Refs 6th c.BC+] also distinguishes ς. from ἀρχή as less comprehensive, [Refs]; τὰ σ. ὕλη τῆς οὐσίας [Refs]; τρία τὰ σ. [Refs]; distinguished from ἀρχή on other grounds by [Refs]; ς. used in three senses by Chrysipp., [Refs]; in Medicine, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; ἀνηλεὲς σ., of the sea, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; τὸ σ., of the sea, [Refs 1st c.AD+]; ἄμφω τὰ σ., i.e. land and sea,[Refs 2nd c.AD+]
II.3 the elements of proof, e.g. in general reasoning the πρῶτοι συλλογισμοί, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; in Geometry, the propositions whose proof is involved in the proof of other propositions,[Refs]; title of geometrical works by Hippocrates of Chios, Leon, Theudios, and Euclid, [Refs 5th c.AD+]: hence applied to whatever is one, small, and capable of many uses, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; to whatever is most universal, e.g. the unit and the point,[Refs]; the line and the circle, [Refs]; τὸ νόμισμα σ. καὶ πέρας τῆς ἀλλαγῆς coin is the unit.. of exchange, [Refs]; in Grammar, σ. τῆς λέξεως parts of speech, [Refs 1st c.BC+]; but also, the letters composing a word, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; letters of the alphabet, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; σ. τοῦ λόγου the elements of speech, i.e. words, or the kinds of words, parts of speech, [Refs 4th c.BC+]
II.4 generally, elementary or fundamental principle, ἀρξάμενοι ἀπὸ τῶν σ. [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὸ πολλάκις εἰρημένον μέγιστον σ. [Refs 4th c.BC+]
II.5 ἄστρων στοιχεῖα the stars, [NT+4th c.AD+]; especially planets, στοιχείῳ Διός [Refs 1st c.AD+]; so perhaps in [NT]; especially a sign of the Zodiac, [Refs 3rd c.AD+]; of the Great Bear, [Refs]
II.6 σ. =ἀριθμός, as etymology of Στοιχαδεύς, Scholia 2nd c.BC: Dionysius Thrax Grammaticus p.192 H. Источник: STEPBible.org (Tyndale House, Cambridge), CC BY 4.0