Библейское слово «μάχαιρα» в греческих словарях

μάχαιρα ἡ

1) жертвенный нож Hom.; поварской нож Her.; садовый нож или ножницы Plat.: μία ~ Arph. бритва;

2) короткая сабля или кинжал (μάχαιραν μᾶλλον ἢ ξιφος ἐπαινοῦμεν Xen.);

3) меч (βαλεῖν οὐκ εἰρήνην, ἀλλὰ μάχαιραν NT);

4) махера (неизвестный нам минерал, похожий на железо) Arst., Plut.

μάχαιρα, -ης
(Att.. -ας; see WH, App., 1568; ΒΙ., § 7, 1), ἡ, [in LXX chiefly for חֶרֶב; also for מַאֲכֶלֶת, etc. ;]
1. (in Hom., al.) a large knife or dirk, for sacrificial purposes (Gen.22:6, 10, Jdg.19:20 A).
2. a short sword or dagger (as disting. from ῥομφαία, a large broad sword and ξίφος, a straight sword for thrusting): Mat.26:47 ff., Mrk.14:43, 47-48, Luk.22:36 ff., Jhn.18:10-11 Act.16:27, Heb.11:37, Rev.6:4; 13:10, 14; στόμα μαχαίρης (as in Heb. חֶרֶב פֶּה, Gen.34:26, al.), the edge of the sword: Luk.21:24, Heb.11:34; μ. δίστομος, Heb.4:12 ἀναιρεῖν μαχαίρῃ, Act.12:2 τὴν μ. φορεῖν, Rom.13:4 Metaphorical, Mat.10:34 (opposite to εἰρήνη), Rom.8:35 μ. τοῦ πνεῦματος, Eph.6:17†
(AS) Источник: STEPBible.org (Tyndale House, Cambridge), CC BY 4.0

μάχαιρ-α [μᾰ], ας
(later -ης, dative -ῃ, [NT+2nd c.BC+], ἡ, large knife or dirk, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; carving-knife, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; sacrificial knife, [Refs 5th c.BC+] —ἡ Δελφικὴ μ. a knife adapted to various purposes, [Refs 4th c.BC+] see at Δελφικὴ μ.; proverbial, of greedy persons, because Delphian sacrificers claimed a share for the knife, [Refs]
2 as a weapon, short sword, dagger, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; used by jugglers, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; later, sabre, opposed to the straight sword (ξίφος), [NT+5th c.BC+]; οἱ ἐπὶ τῆς μ., of a bodyguard, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; but, ἐπὶ μ. τασσόμενοι possessing power of life and death (jus gladii), Cat.Codex Astr.[Refs]; μ. ἱππική cavalry sabre, [Refs 3rd c.BC+]
3 μ. κουρίδες, shears or scissors, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; κεκαρμένος μοιχὸν μιᾶ μ., i.e. with one blade, [Refs 5th c.BC+] see entry μιᾷ μαχαίρ; μ. κουρικαί [Refs 1st c.AD+]
4 metaphorically, διὰ μαχαιρῶν καὶ πυρός [NT+3rd c.BC+]
II name of a precious stone, [Refs 4th c.BC+]
III part of the liver, [Refs 2nd c.AD+] Источник: STEPBible.org (Tyndale House, Cambridge), CC BY 4.0