Библейское слово «ψυχή» в греческих словарях

ψῡχή, дор. ψῡχά (ᾱ) ἡ [ср. ψῦχος]

1) дыхание, преимущественно дух, душа, сознание: ψυχῆς τε καὶ αἰῶνος εὖνις Hom. бездыханный и безжизненный; μητρὸς ~ κατατεθνηυίης Hom. душа умершей матери; τὸν ἔλιπε ~ Hom. душа (жизнь) покинула его, но тж. он лишился сознания; ἀποπνεῖν ψυχάς Pind. и ἐκπνεῖν или ἀφιέναι ψυχήν Eur. испустить дух; τὰ πάθη τῆς ψυχῆς Arst. душевные состояния; ὅλῃ τῇ ψυχῇ и ἐκ τῆς ψυχῆς Xen. и ἀπὸ τῆς ψυχῆς Luc. из (от) глубины души; εἷς ἀνὴρ καὶ μία ~ Polyb. один единственный человек; ἀπ᾽ ὀρθῆς καὶ δικαίας καὶ ἀδιαφθόρου τῆς ψυχῆς Dem. по чистой совести; τῷ ἡ ~ σῖτον οὐ προσίετο Xen. душа его не принимала пищи, т._е. ему не хотелось есть; ~ ἀναπαύεται Xen. наступает насыщение;

2) жизнь (περὶ φυχῆς μάχεσθαι Hom.): περὶ ψυχῆς διά τινα κινδυνεύειν Thuc. рисковать жизнью за кого-л.; ψυχὴν παραιτέεσθαι Her. просить о пощаде; τὴν ψυχὴν τοῦ παιδός ζημιοῦσθαι Her. поплатиться жизнью (своего) сына; τῆς ψυχῆς πρίασθαι ὥστε … Xen. заплатить жизнью за то, чтобы …; ποινὴν τῆς ψυχῆς τινος ἀνελέσθαι Her. взять выкуп за чьё-л. убийство; πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις ἄρ᾽ ἦν ~ τέκνα Eur. ведь всем людям дети (дороги как) жизнь;

3) душевные свойства, характер, нрав (ἵππου Xen., Plat.): ψυχὴν οὐκ ἄκρος Her. малодушный;

4) настроение, чувства: τίν᾽ οἴεσθ᾽ αὐτὴν ψυχὴν ἕξειν, ὅταν …; Dem. что она, полагаете вы, почувствует, когда …?;

5) описательно в знач. существо, личность, человек (часто в переводе опускается): πᾶσα ~ NT всякий (человек); ἡ ἐμὴ ~ Soph. я (лично); ψυχῆς Ὀρέστου λοιπόν Soph. то, что осталось от Ореста; ψυχὴν διδόναι ἡδονῇ Aesch. предаться наслаждению; θηρίων τὰς ψυχὰς ἡμεροῦν Isocr. приручать животных; ψυχαὶ πολλαί Arph. много людей, многие; ὦ ἀγαθὴ καὶ πιστὴ ~! Xen. о, мой милый!;

6) бабочка, мотылёк Arst., Plut.

ψυχή, -ῆς, ἡ,
[in LXX very frequently for נֶפֶשׁ, sometimes for לֵבַב ,לֵב, etc. ;]
1. breath (Lat. anima), breath of life, life (Hom., al.; in Arist., of the vital principle): Mat.6:25, Mrk.3:4; 10:45, Luk.12:22, Jhn.10:11, Act.20:10, 24 2Co.1:23, Php.2:30, 1Th.2:8, al.
2. the soul,
(a) as the seat of the will, desires and affections: Mat.26:38, Mrk.12:30" (LXX) 14:34, Luk.1:46, Jhn.10:24, Act.14:2, Php.1:27, al.; ἐκ ψυχῆς, from the heart, heartily: Eph.6:6, Col.3:23;
(b) as a periphrasis for person or self (frequently in translation from Semitic originals, see M, Pr., 87; Robinson, Gospels, 113ff.; but also frequently in cl., see LS, see word II, 2; Edwards, Lex., App. A.): Mat.11:29, Mrk.8:36, Act.2:41, Rom.2:9, 1Pe.3:20, al.; πᾶσα ψ., Act.2:43; 3:23" (LXX), Rom.13:1 ψ. ζῶσα (ζωῆς), 1Co.15:45, Rev.16:3;
(with) as the object of divine grace and eternal salvation: Heb.13:17, Jas.1:21; 5:20, 1Pe.1:9, 22; 2:11; 4:19, 3Jo.2.
SYN.: see: νοῦς, πνεῦμα, ψυχικός, and cf. ICC on 1Th.5:23, Lft., Notes, 88f. (AS) Источник: STEPBible.org (Tyndale House, Cambridge), CC BY 4.0

ψῡχ-ή, ἡ,
life, λύθη ψ. τε μένος τε [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ψυχὰς παρθέμενοι at hazard of their lives, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; λίσσου᾽ ὑπὲρ ψ. καὶ γούνων by your life,[Refs 5th c.BC+] to save their life, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὃ ἂν θέλῃ, ψυχῆς ὠνεῖται [θυμός] in exchange for life, [NT+7th c.BC+]; τῆς ἐμῆς ψ. γεγώς[Refs 5th c.BC+]; ποινὴν τῆς Αἰσώπου ψ. satisfaction for the life of [NT+5th c.BC+]; δεῖρον ἄχρις ἡ ψ... ἐπὶ χειλέων λειφθῇ within an inch of his life, [Refs 3rd c.BC+] —the phrase ἐν τῇ χειρὶ τὴν ψ. ἔχοντα taking his life in his hands, is probably falsa lectio in [LXX+4th c.BC+]; of life in animals, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἡ φύσις τοιαύτη πάντων ὅσσα ψ. ἔχει Democrit.278; ἐπῴζει καὶ ποιεῖ ψ. ἔχειν (of incubation) [LXX+5th c.BC+]; ἡ ψ. πάσης σαρκὸς αἷμα αὐτοῦ ἐστιν[LXX]
2 metaphorically of things dear as life, χρήματα γὰρ ψ... βροτοῖσι [Refs 8th c.BC+]; so as an endearing name, [Refs 1st c.AD+]
II in [Refs 8th c.BC+], departed spirit, ghost (ὑποτίθεται [Ὅμηρος] τὰς ψ. τοῖς εἰδώλοις τοῖς ἐν τοῖς κατόπτροις φαινομένοις ὁμοίας.. ἃ καθάπαξ ἡμῖν ἐξείκασται καὶ τὰς κινήσεις μιμεῖται, στερεμνιώδη δὲ ὑπόστασιν οὐδεμίαν ἔχει εἰς ἀντίληψιν καὶ ἁφήν [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ψ. καὶ εἴδωλον [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ψυχὰς ἡρώων, opposed to αὐτούς,[Refs 8th c.BC+]; sometimes hardly distinct from signification[Refs]; in swoons it leaves the body, τὸν δὲ λίπε ψ. [Refs]; so in later writers (seldom in Trag.), σὺν Ἀγαμεμνονίᾳ ψυχᾷ [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἑὰν ψυχὰν κομίξαι[Refs 5th c.BC+]; ψ. σοφαί, perhaps 'wise ghosts', [Refs 5th c.BC+]
III the immaterial and immortal soul, first in Pindar, ἐς τὸν ὕπερθεν ἅλιον κείνων.. ἀνδιδοῖ [Φερσεφόνα] ψυχὰς πάλιν [Refs 5th c.BC+]; αἰθὴρ μὲμ ψυχὰς ὑπεδέξατο, σώ[ματα δὲ χθών] [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὁπόταμ ψ. προλίπῃ φάος ἀελίοιο [Refs 5th c.BC+]
IV the conscious self or personality as centre of emotions, desires, and affections, χερσὶ καὶ ψυχᾷ δυνατοί [Refs 5th c.BC+]: hence regarded in abstraction, τὸ παρεχόμενον ἡμῶν ἕκαστον τοῦτ᾽ εἶναι μηδὲν ἀλλ᾽ ἢ τὴν ψ., τὸ δὲ σῶμα ἰνδαλλόμενον ἡμῶν ἑκάστοις ἕπεσθαι [Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἴμοι ψυχή woe is me! [LXX]; καὶ ἐρῶ τῇ ψ. μου, “ψυχή, ἔχεις πολλὰ ἀγαθά” [NT]; in periphrases, ψ. Ὀρέστου, =Ὀρέστης, [Refs 5th c.BC+] his wits, [Refs]; so ψυχαί absolutely, =ἄνθρωποι, ψ. ὀλέσασα [Refs 4th c.BC+]; ψ. πολλαὶ ἔθανον many souls perished, [NT+5th c.BC+]; in referring to persons, ὅταν μεγάλη ψ. φυῇ [Refs 5th c.BC+]; καλεῖται γοῦν ἡ ψ. Κρινοκοράκα the creature, [NT+4th c.BC+]: generally, being, ψυχὴ ζῶσα living creature, [LXX]
IV.2 of various aspects of the self, ἐν πολέμοιο μάχαις τλάμονι ψ. παρέμειν) enduring heart, [Refs 5th c.BC+] poor-spirited, [Refs 5th c.BC+]
IV.3 of the emotional self, ὑπείργασμαι μὲν εὖ ψυχὴν ἔρωτι [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τίν᾽ οἴεσθ᾽ αὐτὴν ψ. ἕξειν, ὅταν ἐμὲ ῒδ; how will she feel? [Refs 4th c.BC+]; μία ψ., proverbial of friends, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; ψ. μία ἤστην probably in [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; of appetite, ψυχῇ διδόντες ἡδονήν [Refs 5th c.BC+]
IV.4 of the moral and intellectual self, ἀπὸ πάμπαν ἀδίκων ἔχειν ψ. [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὸ σῶμα ἀπειρηκὸς ἡ ψ. συνεξέσωσεν.. διὰ τὸ μὴ ξυνειδέναι ἑαυτῇ the mind conscious of innocence, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀπὸ τῆς ψ. φιλεῖν with all the heart, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐκ ἐᾷ ἡμᾶς οὐδὲ ψυχῆς λαχεῖν he won't let us call our soul our own, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]
IV.5 of animals, ψ. μεγαλόφρων, of a horse, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ψ. χηνός, ὀρτυγίου, [Refs 4th c.BC+]
IV.6 of inanimate things, πᾶσα πολιτεία ψ. πόλεώς ἐστιν [Refs 5th c.BC+]; also of the spirit of an author, [Refs 1st c.BC+]
V Philosophical uses:
V.1 In the early physicists, of the primary substance, the source of life and consciousness, ὁρίζονται πάντες (i.e. οἱ πρότεροι) τὴν ψ. τρισίν, κινήσει, αἰσθήσει, τῷ ἀσωμάτῳ [Refs 4th c.BC+]; ψυχῇσιν θάνατος ὕδωρ γενέσθαι, ὕδατι δὲ θάνατος γῆν γενέσθαι, ἐκ γῆς δὲ ὕδωρ γίνεται, ἐξ ὕδατος δὲ ψ. (i.e. πῦρ) [Refs 6th c.BC+]; καρδία ψυχῆς καὶ αἰσθήσιος [ἀρχά] [Refs 5th c.BC+]; Δημόκριτος πῦρ τι καὶ θερμόν θησιν αὐτὴν (i.e. ψυχὴν) εἶναι[Refs]
V.2 the spirit of the universe, ψ. εἰς τὸ μέσον [τοῦ κόσμου] θείς [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν τῷ ὅλῳ τινὲς [τὴν ψ.] μεμεῖχθαί φασιν, ὅθεν ἴσως καὶ Θαλῆς ᾠήθη πάντα πλήρη θεῶν εἶναι[Refs 3rd c.BC+]; ψ. [κόσμου] [Refs 1st c.AD+]; περὶ ψυχᾶς κόσμου καὶ φύσιος, title of work by [Refs 5th c.BC+]
V.3 In [Refs 5th c.BC+] the immaterial principle of movement and life, ὅταν παρῇ [ψυχὴ] τῷ σώματι, αἴτιόν ἐστι τοῦ ζῆν αὐτῷ [Refs 5th c.BC+]; its presence is requisite for thought, σοφία καὶ νοῦς ἄνευ ψ. οὐκ ἂν γενοίσθην [Refs 4th c.BC+]; the tripartite division of ψ., οἱ δὲ περὶ Πλάτωνα καὶ Ἀρχύτας καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ Πυθαγόρειοι τὴν ψ. τριμερῆ ἀποφαίνονται, διαιροῦντες εἰς λογισμὸν καὶ θυμὸν καὶ ἐπιθυμίαν [Refs 5th c.BC+]; in the Stoics and Epicureans, σῶμα ἡ ψ. Zeno and [Refs 3rd c.BC+]; of the scala naturae, τὰ μὲν ἕξει διοικεῖται, τὰ δὲ φύσει, τὰ δ᾽ ἀλόγῳ ψ., τὰ δὲ καὶ λόγον ἐχούσῃ καὶ διάνοιαν [Refs 4th c.BC+]; in the Neo-Platonists characterized by discursive thinking, τοὺς λογισμοὺς ψυχῆς εἶναι ἐνεργήματα [Refs 3rd c.AD+]; related to νοῦς as image to archetype, εἰκών τίς ἐστι νοῦ [ψ.] [Refs]; present in entirety in every part, πάρεστι πᾶσα πανταχοῦ ψ. [Refs]; animal and vegetable bodies possess οἷον σκιὰν ψυχῆς [Refs 5th c.AD+]
VI butterfly or moth, [Refs 4th c.BC+]
VI.2 τριπόλιον, Ps.-[Refs 1st c.AD+]
VII Psyche, in the allegory of Psyche and Eros, [Refs 8th c.BC+] 'blow, breathe'; τὸν δὲ λίπε ψ. [Refs 8th c.BC+] means 'his spirit left his body', and so λειποψυχέω means 'swoon', not 'become breathless'; ἀπὸ δὲ ψ. ἐκάπυσσε [Refs 8th c.BC+] means 'she gasped out her spirit', i.e. 'swooned'; the resemblance of ἄμπνυτο 'recovered consciousness' to ἀμπνέω 'recover breath' is deceptive, see at ἄμπνυτο, ἔμπνυτο: when concrete the Homeric ψ. is rather warm blood than breath,[Refs 8th c.BC+] escapes through a wound; compare ψυχοπότης, ψυχορροφέω, and [Refs 5th c.BC+] Источник: STEPBible.org (Tyndale House, Cambridge), CC BY 4.0