πολύς,
Attic dialect πολλή, πολ;
genitive πολλοῦ, ῆς, ou=;
dative πολλῷ, ῇ, ;
accusative πολύν, πολλήν, πολύ:—
Ionic dialect πολλός [
Refs 6th c.BC+], πολλή, πολλόν [
Refs 6th c.BC+]; also in Trag., [
Refs 5th c.BC+];
accusative πολλόν, πολλήν, πολλόν: [
Refs 5th c.BC+] uses the
Ionic dialect forms, but codices have πολύν [
Refs 1st c.AD+]:—both sets of forms are found in
Epic dialect, also
genitive singular πολέος [
Refs 8th c.BC+], once
contraction πολεῖς [
Refs];
dative πολέσι [
Refs 8th c.BC+];
accusative πολέας (
trisyllable) [
Refs 8th c.BC+] (frequently with variantπολεῖς [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; in later
Epic dialect πολέες is used as
feminine, [
Refs 3rd c.BC+]:—
Epic dialect also have
πουλύς (once in [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; these forms are found in codices of [
Refs 5th c.BC+] — Lyric poetry and Trag. (Lyric poetry) sometimes use
Epic dialect forms,
dative singular πολεῖ [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
I of Number,
many, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐκ πολλῶν, opposed to ἐξὀλίγων, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; τριηκόντων ἐτέων πόλλ᾽ ἀπολείπων wanting
many of thirty years, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; later πουλὺ.. ἐπ᾽ ἔτος
many a year, [
Refs 2nd c.BC+]; of anything often repeated, περὶ σέο λόγος ἀπῖκται π. [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
often, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]; τοῦτο ἐπιεικῶς πολὺ νῦν ἐστι is fairly
frequent, [
Refs 2nd c.AD+]
I.2 of Size, Degree, Intensity,
much, mighty, ὄμβρος, νιφετός, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; π. ὑμέναιος a
loud song, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; π. ὀρυμαγδός, ῥοῖζος, etc.,[
Refs 8th c.BC+]; π. ἀνάγκη
strong necessity, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. γέλως, βοή,
much or
great, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὄλβος, αἰδώς, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀλογία, εὐήθεια, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
I.2.b rarely of a single person,
great, mighty, μέγας καὶ πολλὸς ἐγένεο [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὁ π. σοφιστής, στρατηγός,[
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὁ πολύς alone, of Hippocrates, [
Refs 2nd c.AD+]; of Trajan, [
Refs 1st c.BC+]
I.2.c joined with a Verb, Κύπρις γὰρ οὐ φορητός, ἢν πολλὴ ῥυῇ if she flow
with full stream, metaphorically from a river, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; from the wind, ὡς π. ἔπνει καὶ λαμπρός was blowing
strong and fresh, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: generally,
with might or
force, ὅταν ὁ θεὸς.. ἔλθῃ πολύς [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
participle and εἰμί, πολλὸς ἦν λισσόμενος was
all entreaties, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: without a
preposition, π. ἦν τοῖς ἐπαίνοις καὶ ἐπαχθής [
Refs 4th c.BC+]; π. μὲν γὰρ ὁ Φίλιππος ἔσται will be
often mentioned, [
Refs]
I.3 of Value or Worth, πολέος δέ οἱ ἄξιος ἔσται [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; περὶ πολλοῦ ποιεῖσθαί τι, Latin
magni facere,[
Refs 4th c.BC+]; ἐπὶ πολλῷ at a
high price, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]; πολύ ἐστί τι it is
worth much, of great conscquence, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
I.4 of Space,
large, wide, π. χώρη, πεδίον, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; πόντος, πέλαγος, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; λίμνη μεγάλη τε καὶ π.[
Refs 5th c.BC+]; πολλὸς ἔκειτο he lay
outstretched wide, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; π. κέλευθος a
far way, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
I.5 of Time,
long, χρόνος [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; διὰ πολλοῦ (i.e. χρόνου) [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; πρὸ πολλοῦ
long before, [
Refs 1st c.BC+]; ἔτι πολλῆς νυκτός while still
quite night, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; πολλῆς ὥρας
late in the day, [
NT+2nd c.BC+]
II Special usages:
II.1 with
partitive genitive, e.g. πολλοὶ Τρώων, for πολλοὶ Τρῶες, [
Refs 8th c.BC+];
neuter, πολλὸν σαρκός, for πολλὴ σάρξ, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]: in Prose, the
adjective generally takes the gender of the
genitive, τὸν πολλὸν τοῦ χρόνου [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; τῆς γῆς οὐ πολλήν [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; see below 3.
II.2 joined with another
adjective, πολλὰ δυστερπῆ κακά [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
adjective by καί, πολέες τε καὶ ἐσθλοί
many men and good, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; παλαιά τε πολλά τε[
Refs 8th c.BC+]; π. καὶ καλοὺς (assuming variant) κινδύνους, π. καὶ καλὰ παραδείγματα, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
II.3 with the
Article (in [
Refs 8th c.BC+] without the
Article, [
Refs 8th c.BC+] those
many lives, [
NT+5th c.BC+]: with abstract Nouns, τᾶς πολλᾶς ὑγιείας [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
numbers, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
II.3.b οἱ π. the
many, i.e. the
greater number, Ἀθηναῖοι.. ἀπῆλθον οἱ πολλοί [
Refs 5th c.BC+] the
prevailing report, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
far the most, [
Refs 5th c.BC+] the
people, the
commonalty, opposed to οἱ μείζω κεκτημένοι, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; opposed to οἱ κομψότεροι, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἱ π., = Latin
plebs, [
Refs 1st c.BC+]; τῶν πολλῶν εἷς one
of the
multitude, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]; ὁ π. alone, =
vulgus, variant in [
Refs 1st c.BC+]; the
ordinary man, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]; ὁ ἐμπαθὴς καὶ π. ἄνθρωπος 'l'homme
moyen sensuel', [
Refs 5th c.AD+]; ὁ π. ἄνθρωπος (with
plural Verb) the
average man, opposed to τὸ ἐξαίρετον, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
II.3.c τὸ πολύ, with
genitive, τῆς στρατιῆς τὸ πολλόν [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὁ π. βίοτος
the best part of life, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
II.3.d τὰ πολλά
the most, [
Refs 8th c.BC+] as
substantive, means
much riches, great possessions, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; πρὸς τὸ τῶν π. μέγεθος in regard to the size of
the average, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
II.4 plural πολλά
very much, too much, πολλὰ πράσσειν, =πολυπραγμονεῖν, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. ἔρξαι τινά to do one
much harm, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
II.5 πολλάς with Verbs of beating (πληγάς being omitted), see at πληγή [
Refs]
II.6 πολύς repeated, ἦ πολλὰ πολλοῖς εἰμι διάφορος βροτῶν [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
III Adverbial usages:
III.a neuter πολύ (
Ionic dialect πολλόν), πολλά,
much, πόλλ᾽ ἀεκαζομένη [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; especially of repetition,
often, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; so of
earnest commands and entreaties, πολλὰ κελεύων, πόλλ᾽ ἐπέτελλον, πολλὰ λισσομένη, πολλὰ μάλ᾽ εὐχομένω, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]: with the
Article, τὸ πολύ
for the most part, [
Refs 5th c.BC+] (but with numerals,
at most, Vett.[
Refs 5th c.BC+]
III.b of Degree,
far, very much, ἀπέφυγε πολλὸν τοὺς διώκοντας [
Refs]
very, θρασὺς εἶ πολλοῦ [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; πολλοῦ πολύς, πολλὴ πολλοῦ,
much too much, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
III.c of Space,
a great way, far, οὐ πολλόν [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
III.d of Time,
long, ὡς πολλὸν τοῦτο ἐγίνετο [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
III.e of Probability, ἐὰν πολλὰ πολλῶν τέκῃς, perhaps =ἐὰν πολλάκις τέκῃς,[
Refs 1st c.BC+]; ἐάν τι πολλὰ πολλάκις πάθω [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
III.2 πολύ is frequently joined with
adjectives and
adverbs,
III.2.a with a
comparative to increase its
comparative force, πολὺ μεῖζον, πολλὸν παυρότεροι, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; πολὺ μᾶλλον
much more, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; πολύ τι μᾶλλον
falsa lectio in [
Refs 1st c.BC+]
adjective, π. ἐν πλέονι, π. ἐπὶ δεινοτέρῳ,[
Refs 5th c.BC+]; so πολλῷ is frequently used with the
comparative,
by far, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐ πολλῷ τεῳ ἀσθενέστερον not
a great deal weaker, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
much sooner, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]: with the comp. Verb φθάνω, ἦ κε πολὺ φθαίη [
Refs 5th c.BC+] =
prefer, ἡμῖν πολὺ βούλεται ἢ Δαναοῖσι νίκην [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; πολύ γε in answers, after a
comparative or
superlative, ἀργὸς.. γενήσεται μᾶλλο; Answ. πολύ γε [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
III.2.b with a
superlative, πολὺ πρώτιστος, πολλὸν ἄριστος,
far the first, etc., [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
III.2.c with a Positive, to add force to the
adjective, ὦ πολλὰ μὲν τάλαινα, πολλὰ δ᾽ αὖ σοφή [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; compare πλεῖστος.
IV with Preps.,
IV.1 διὰ πολλοῦ at
a great interval of Space or Time, see at διά [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
IV.2 εἰς πολύ for
a long time, [
Refs 3rd c.AD+]
IV.3 ἐκ πολλοῦ from
a great distance, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; for
a long time, see at ἐκ [
Refs]
IV.4 ἐπὶ πολύ,
IV.4.a over
a great space, far, οὐκ ἐπὶ πολλόν [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐπὶ π. τῆς θαλάσσης, τῆς χώρας, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; to
a great extent, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
IV.4.b for
a long time, long, [
Refs]
IV.4.c ὡς ἐπὶ π.
very generally,[
Refs 4th c.BC+] ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ π.
for the most part, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
IV.5 παρὰ πολύ by
far, see at παρά C.111.5.
IV.6 περὶ πολλοῦ, see above [
Refs]
IV.7 πρὸ πολλοῦ
far before, τῆς πόλεως [
Refs 1st c.BC+]; also of Time, οὐ πρὸ π. not
long before, [
Refs]
IV.8 σὺν πολλῷ
in no small degree, only too much or
too well, [
Refs 3rd c.AD+]
V for
comparative πλείων, πλέων,
superlative πλεῖστος, (see entry). (Cf. Sanskrit
purú-, Gothic
filu 'much'.)
出典: STEPBible.org (Tyndale House, Cambridge), CC BY 4.0
