ὑπέρ [ῠ],
Epic dialect also
ὑπείρ, used by [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
ὁπέρ (which see): in
Aeolic dialect replaced by περί (see. περί [
Refs 4th c.BC+] also
dative (Cf. Sanskrit
upaári 'above', Gothic
ufar, O[
Refs 5th c.BC+]
ofer 'over':—from it are formed the
comparative and
superlative ὑπέρτερος, -τατος, also
adverb ὕπερθεν, and Nouns ὑπέρα, ὕπερος.)
A WITH GENIT.,
A.I of Place,
over; A.I.1 in a state of rest,
over, above, frequently in [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; χιτωνίσκους ἐνεδεδύκεσαν ὑ. γονάτων
not reaching to the knees, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; στῆ δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ὑ. κεφαλῆς stood
over his head as he lay asleep, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὑ. κεφαλῆς οἱ ἐγίνετο διεξελαύνοντι
over head, i. e. over the gateway, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ ὑ. κεφαλῆς the higher ground, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; Ἰονίας ὑ. ἁλὸς οἰκέων
on the Ionian sea, i.e. on its shores, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: of relative geographical position,
above, farther inland, οἰκέοντες ὑ. Ἁλικαρνησσοῦ μεσόγαιαν [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: in Hellenistic Gr. the
accusative is commoner in this sense, see below [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.I.1.b of ships at sea,
off a place, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.I.2 in a state of motion,
over, across, κῦμα νηὸς ὑ. τοίχων καταβήσεται [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐκκυβιστᾶν ὑ. [τῶν ξιφῶν] [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.I.3 over, beyond, ἐν Κρήτῃ εὐρείῃ τηλοῦ ὑ. πόντου [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
A.II metaphorically,
in defence of, on behalf of, τεῖχος ἐτειχίσσαντο νεῶν ὕ. [
Refs 8th c.BC+]: generally,
for the prosperity or
safety of, τὰ ἱερὰ ὑ. τῆς Εὐβοίας θῦσαι [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; in dedications (always with reference to living persons), Σμικύθη μ᾽ ἀνέθηκεν.. εὐξαμένη.. ὑ. παίδων καὶ ἑαυτῆς [
Refs 3rd c.BC+]; εὑδόντων ὕ. φρούρημα [
Refs 4th c.BC+]; ὑ. τινὸς κινδυνεύειν, μάχεσθαι, βοηθεῖν, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀμυνῶ ὑ. ἱερῶν καὶ ὁσίων Jusj. cited in [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; πάνθ᾽ ὑ. ὑμῶν φανήσεται πράξας Χαβρίας, καὶ τὴν τελευτὴν αὐτὴν τοῦ βίου πεποιημένος οὐχ ὑ. ἄλλου τινός
in your
interests, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; of things sought, ὑ. τοῦ νεκροῦ ὠθισμὸς ἐγένετο πολύς [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀφίκετο ὑ. γενεᾶς, ὑ. φωνᾶς, ὑ. τοῦ θησαυροῦ, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]; γίνωσκέ με πεπορεῦσθαι εἰς Ἡρακλέους πόλιν ὑ. τῆς οἰκίας [
Refs 2nd c.BC+]; sometimes even of the thing to be averted, ἱκέσιον λόχον δουλοσύνας ὕ.
about slavery, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
A.II.2 for, instead of, in the name of, ὑ. ἑαυτοῦ τι προϊδεῖν
on his own
behalf, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὑ. Ζήνωνος πράσσων
as Zeno's
representative, [
Refs 3rd c.BC+]; ἔγραψεν ὑ. αὐτῶν διὰ τὸ φάσκειν αὐτοὺς μὴ εἰδέναι γράμματα [
Refs 2nd c.BC+]; θεάσασθε ὃν τρόπον ὑμεῖς ἐστρατηγηκότες πάντ᾽ ἔσεσθ᾽ ὑ. Φιλίππου as though
by commission from P., [
Refs 4th c.BC+]; so in other dialects with
accusative, see below [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.II.3 in adjurations, with verbs of entreaty, entreat one
as representative of another, τῶν ὕ. ἐνθάδ᾽ ἐγὼ γουνάζομαι οὐ παρεόντων, i. e. I entreat you as they would if they were here, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; then more
metaphorically,
by, λίσσομ᾽ ὑ. ψυχῆς (
as you value your life) καὶ γούνων σῶν τε τοκήων [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὑ. ξενίου λίσσεται ὔμμε Διός
in the name of Zeus, [
Refs 3rd c.BC+]; so
Aeolic dialect περ (see. περί [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
A.II.4 of the cause or motive,
for, because of, by reason of, ἀλγέων ὕ. [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; of punishment or reward,
for, on account of, τοῖσιν ἄγουσιν κλαύμαθ᾽ ὑπάρξει βραδυτῆτος ὕ. [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀτῆθθαι ὑ. τῶ πατρὸς τὰ πατρώϊα the father's property shall pay the fine
for the father, [
Refs 3rd c.BC+]; τοῦτον (
i.e. a runaway slave) ὃς ἂν ἀναγάγῃ, λήψεται ὅσα καὶ ὑ. τοῦ προγεγραμμένου [
Refs 2nd c.BC+]; τὸ κατεσκευασμένον ὑ. τῆς ἡμετέρας σωτηρίας Ἰσιδεῖον
as a thank-offering for.., [
Refs 1st c.BC+]; ὑ. ὧν ἐτιμήσαμεν αὐτοὺς ταῖς μεγίσταις τιμαῖς [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; of payment, ἡμιωβέλιον ὑ. ἑκάστου [
Refs]; μέτρησον Ποσειδωνίῳ ὑ. Ἡρακλείδου
on account of H., i.e. debiting H.'s account, [
Refs 1st c.BC+]; μετρήσω ὑ. σοῦ εἰς τὸ δημόσιον
for the credit of your
account, [
Refs 2nd c.AD+]; ὑ. λαογραφίας [
Refs 1st c.AD+]; ὑ. λόγου ἀννώνης [
Refs 3rd c.AD+]; ὑ. ὧν ἔμαθεν καταβαλεῖν μισθόν [
Refs 2nd c.AD+]
A.II.5 ὑ. τοῦ μή with
infinitive,
for the purpose of preventing or
avoiding, ὑ. τοῦ μηδένα.. βιαίῳ θανάτῳ ἀποθνῄσκειν [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
for the sake of, ὑ. τοῦτοῖς ἄλλοις ἐπιτάττειν ἐθέλειν ἀποθνῄσκειν to be ready to die
for the sake of.., [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: this
construction is found also in
signification [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
A.III concerning, ὑ. σέθεν αῐσχε᾽ ἀκούω [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; τὰ λεγόμενα ὑ. ἑκάστων variant in [
Refs 4th c.BC+]; διαλεχθῆναι, ἀγορεύειν ὑ. τινός, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; περὶ μὲν οὖν τούτων τοσαῦτά μοι εἰρήσθω, ὑ. ὧν δέ μοι προσήκει λέγειν.. [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; βουλευομένων ὑ. τοῦ ποίαν τινὰ [εἰρήνην ποιητέον] [
Refs 3rd c.BC+]; ἐνεκάλουν ὑ. σύκων [
Refs 3rd c.BC+]; ἐπεδώκαμέν σοι ὑπόμνημα ὑ. τοῦ μὴ εἰληφέναι τὴν.. ὄλυραν [
Refs 2nd c.BC+]; συλλαλήσαντες ὑ. τοῦ τὴν πόλιν ἐνδοῦναι τοῖς Ῥωμαίοις [
Refs 2nd c.BC+]; θροῦς ὑ. τοῦ τὸν Λυκοῦργον ἐκπέμπειν talk
of sending L., [
Refs]; γνώμην ὑ. τῆς κοινῆς [δόξης] [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B WITH ACCUSATIVE
B.I of Place in reference to motion,
over, beyond, frequently in [
Refs 8th c.BC+]: without such reference, ὑ. Ἡρακλείας στήλας ἔξω κατοικοῦσι [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐλὴ.. ὑ. ὀφρὺν δεξιάν [
Refs 3rd c.BC+]; τὸ ὑ. τὸν ἔσχατον.. σπόνδυλον [
Refs 2nd c.AD+]
B.II of Measure,
above, exceeding, beyond, ὑ. τὸν ἀλαθῆ λόγον [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὑ. ἡμᾶς
beyond our powers, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὑ. τὸ ὕδωρ [
Refs 2nd c.AD+]
B.II.b after
comparative,
than, δυνατώτεροι ὑ... [
LXX]
better than he,[
LXX]
B.II.2 of transgression,
in violation of, ὑ. αἶσαν, opposed to κατ᾽ αἶσαν, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὑ. μόρον (or ὑπέρμορον)[
Refs]
B.III of Number,
above, upwards of, τὰ ὑ. δέκα μνᾶς [ξυμβόλαια] [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὑ. τετταράκοντα (i.e. ἔτη) [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὑ. ἥμισυ
more than half, [
Refs]
B.IV of Time,
beyond, i.e.
before, earlier than, ὁ ὑ. τὰ Μηδικὰ πόλεμος [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.V in some dialects, in sense [
Refs 4th c.BC+],
on behalf of, ὑ. τὰν πόλιν [
Refs 3rd c.BC+]; in sense [
Refs 4th c.BC+],
concerning, ἐπικράνθη μοι ὑ. ὑμᾶς [
LXX]
C WITH DAT., only [
Refs 4th c.AD+] fighting
for.., [
Refs 3rd c.BC+]
D POSITION: ὑπέρ may follow its
substantive, but then by anastrophe becomes ὕπερ, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
E AS
adverb.,
over-much, above measure, ὑπὲρ μὲν ἄγαν [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; also written ὑπεράγαν, [
Refs 1st c.BC+]; compare ὑπέρφευ: as a predicate, διάκονοι Χριστοῦ εἰσ; ὑπὲρ ἐγώ I am
more [than they], [
NT]
F IN COMPOSITION (joined with other words), signifies
over, above, in all relations, e. g.,
F.1 of Place,
over, beyond, as in ὑπεράνω, ὑπέργειος, ὑπερβαίνω, ὑπερπόντιος.
F.2 of doing a thing
for or
in defence of, as in ὑπερμαχέω, ὑπερασπίζω, ὑπεραλγέω.
F.3 above measure, as in ὑπερήφανος, ὑπερφίαλος.
出典: STEPBible.org (Tyndale House, Cambridge), CC BY 4.0
