ἔχω,
A2nd pers. singular ἔχεισθα conjecture in [
Refs 7th c.BC+];
2nd pers. singular subjunctive ἔχῃσθα [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
imperfect εἶχον,
Epic dialect ἔχον [
Refs 8th c.BC+],
Ionic dialect and
poetry ἔχεσκον [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
future ἕξω,
Epic dialect infinitive ἑξέμεναι [
Refs 3rd c.BC+] (of momentary action, especially in sense
check, see below [
Refs 4th c.BC+], not found in
Attic dialect Inscrr. or [
Refs];
2nd pers. singular σχήσησθα [
Refs]
aorist 1 ἔσχης α
falsa lectio in [
Refs 3rd c.AD+]
aorist 2 ἔσχον,
imperative σχές [
Refs 5th c.BC+] only in Oracle texts cited in [
Refs 5th c.BC+];
subjunctive σχῶ [
Refs 8th c.BC+];
3rd.pers. plural σχοίησαν [
Refs 5th c.BC+];
infinitive σχεῖν [
Refs 8th c.BC+],
Epic dialect σχέμεν [
Refs] (in Alexandr. Gr.
3rd.pers. plural imperfect and
aorist 2 εἴχοσαν [
NT+3rd c.BC+], see at Σχέθω:
perfect ἔσχηκα [
Refs 5th c.BC+];
Epic dialect ὄχωκα is uncertain, see at συνόχωκα:—
middle,
imperfect εἰχόμην [
Refs 5th c.BC+]:
future ἕξομαι [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; σχήσομαι[
Refs 5th c.BC+]
perfect passive παρ-έσχημαι in
middle sense, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]:
aorist 2 ἐσχόμην [
Refs 8th c.BC+], rare in
Attic dialect except in compounds;
imperative σχέο [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
lon947, etc.;
infinitive σχέσθαι [
Refs 8th c.BC+] —
passive,
future middle ἐν-έξομαι in
passive sense, [
Refs 5th c.BC+], frequently in compounds (συ-) [
Refs 1st c.BC+]:
aorist 1 ἐσχέθην [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
future middle σχήσομαι in
passive sense, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]:
aorist 2 middle in
passive sense, ἐσχόμην [
Refs 8th c.BC+],
participle σχόμενος [
Refs 8th c.BC+]:
perfect ἔσχημαι [
Refs 2nd c.AD+]; also in compounds, frequently written -ίσχημαι, -ήσχημαι in codices of late authors. (I.-[
Refs 5th c.BC+]
seĝh- (cf. Sanskrit
sáhate 'overpower', Gothic
sigis 'victory', Gr. ἔχ-
dissimilated from ἔχ-), reduced form
sĝh-(σχ-), whence
reduplicate ἴσχω (=
si-sĝh-o) (which see): compare ἕκ-τωρ, ἕξω, ἕξι; but hέχ- [
Refs]
A Trans.,
have, hold:
A.I possess, of property, the most common usage, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; οἵ τι ἔχοντες the
propertied class, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὁ ἔχων a
wealthy man, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἱ οὐκ ἔχοντες the
poor, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἔχειν χρέα
to have debts
due to one, [
Refs 4th c.BC+];
to have received, θεῶν ἄπο κάλλος ἐ. [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; πλέον, ἔλασσον ἔ.. (see.
Hymns of vv.): in
aorist,
acquire, get, ὄνομα [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: also
future σχήσω, δύναμιν [
Refs 5th c.BC+]:—
passive,
to be possessed, ἔντεα.. μετὰ Τρώεσσιν ἔχονται [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
A.I.2 keep, have charge of, ἔχον πατρώϊα ἔργα [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; διαιτητῶν ἐχόντων τὰς δίκας
having control of, [
Refs 4th c.BC+];
to be engaged in, φυλακὰς ἔχον
kept watch, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; σκοπιὴν ἔ. τινός
for a thing, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν χερσὶν ἔ. τι (see. χείρ).
A.I.2.b metaphorically, of a patient, οὐκ ἔχει ἑωυτόν
is not
himself, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.I.3 with
accusative loci,
inhabit, οὐρανόν [
Refs 8th c.BC+];
haunt, [Νύμφαι] ἔχουσ᾽ ὀρέων αἰπεινὰ κάρηνα [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; especially of tutelary gods and heroes, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; of men, πόλιν καὶ γαῖαν [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; Θήβας ἔσχον (ἔσχεν codices)
ruled it, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἔχεις γὰρ χῶρον
occupiest it, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; in military sense, ἔ. τὸ δεξιόν (with or without κέρας) [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; of beasts, τὰ ὄρη ἔ. [
Refs]
A.I.4 have to wife or
as husband (usually without γυναῖκα, ἄνδρα), οὕνεκ᾽ ἔχεις Ἑλένην καί σφιν γαμβρὸς Διός ἐσσι [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; also of a lover, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]:—in
passive, τοῦ περ θυγάτηρ ἔχεθ᾽ Ἕκτορι [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
A.I.5 have in one's house, entertain, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
A.I.6 present participle with Verbs, almost, =
with, ἤϊε ἔχων ταῦτα [
Refs 5th c.BC+] —Prose use.
A.I.7 of Place, ἐπ᾽ ἀριστερὰ ἔ. τι
keep it on one's left, i.e. to keep to the right of it, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐν δεξιᾷ, ἐν ἀριστερᾷ ἔ., [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; τοὺς οἰκέτας ὑστάτους ἔ. [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: but in
aorist,
get, περιπλώοντες τὴν Λιβύην τὸν ἥλιον ἔσχον ἐς τὰ δεξιά [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.I.8 of Habits, States, or Conditions, bodily or mental, γῆρας λυγρὸν ἔ [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὕβριν ἔ.
indulge in.., [
Refs], etc.; [Ἀφροδίτην[
Refs 8th c.BC+]; κότον ἔ. τινί, =κοτεῖσθαι,[
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἡσυχίην ἔ.
keep quiet, [
Refs 5th c.BC+] (
future ἡσυχίαν ἕξειν [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
will not
keep still
for a moment, [
Refs]; αἰτίαν ἔ.
to be accused, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
aorist, of entering upon a state, ἔσχεν χόλον
conceived anger, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἔχειν τι κατά τινος
have something against somebody, [
NT]: —these phrases are frequently inverted, οὓς ἔχε γῆρας [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; also of external objects, αἴθρη ἔχει κορυφήν [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἔχῃ βέλος ὀξὺ γυναῖκα, of a woman in travail, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; λόγος ἔχει τινά with
infinitive, the story
goes, that.., [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; and so in later Gr., [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὡς ἂν λόγος ἔχῃ πρὸς ἀνθρώπους, ὅτι.. [
Refs 1st c.AD+]:—
passive, ἔχεσθαι κακότητι καὶ ἄλγεσι [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
A.I.9 possess mentally, understand, ἵππων δμῆσιν [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἔχεις τ;
do you understand? [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
attend! listen! [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἔ. οὖν [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἔχεις τοῦτο ἰσχυρῶ; [
Refs 5th c.BC+];
know of a thing, μαντικῆς ὁδόν [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; τινὰ σωτηρία; [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.I.10 keep up, maintain, καναχὴν ἔχε
made a rattling noise, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
A.I.11 involve, admit of, τά γ᾽ αἰσχρὰ κἀνθάδ᾽ αἰσχύνην ἔχει [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀγανάκτησιν, κατάμεμψιν, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.I.12 of Measure or Value, τὸ Δαμαρέτειον.. εἶχε Ἀττικὰς δραχμὰς δέκα [
Refs 2nd c.BC+]
A.I.12.b Geometry texts, ἡ ἔχουσα τὰ κέντρα the (straight line)
containing the centres, [
Refs 3rd c.BC+]; ὁ κύκλος ἔχων τὸ πολύγωνον the circle
containing (circumscribing) the polygon, [
Refs]
A.I.13 with
doubleaccusative, Ὀρφέα ἄνακτ᾽ ἔχειν [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.II hold:
A.II.1 hold, ἔ. χερσίν, ἐν χερσίν, μετὰ χερσίν, etc., see at χεί; μετὰ γαμφηλῇσιν ἔ. [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὑψοῦ, πασάων ὑπέρ, ὄπιθεν κάρη ἔ.,[
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἔ. τινί τι
to hold it for him, as his helper, [
Refs];
uphold, οὐρανὸν.. κεφαλῇ τε καὶ ἀκαμάτῃσι χέρεσσι [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἔχει δέ τε κίονας of Atlas, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
A.II.2 hold fast, χειρὸς ἔχων Μενέλαον
holding him
by the hand, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἔ. τινὰ μέσον
grip one by the middle, of wrestlers, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
keep in one's mind, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
A.II.3 of arms and clothes,
bear, wear, εἷμα δ᾽ ἔχ᾽ ἀμφ᾽ ὤμοισι [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; πολιὰς ἔχω I am grey-haired, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]:
absolutely, as a category, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
A.II.4 of a woman,
to be pregnant, [
Refs 5th c.BC+].ιγ.
A.II.4.b παῖδα ἔσχεν she
had, i.e.
bore, a child, [
Refs 1st c.BC+]
A.II.5 support, sustain, especially an attack, with
accusative person, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
A.II.6 hold fast, keep close, ὀχῆες εἶχον [πύλας[
Refs]
A.II.7 enclose, φρένες ἧπαρ ἔχουσι [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; of places,
contain, θηρῶν οὓς ὅδ᾽ ἔχει χῶρος [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
A.II.8 hold or
keep in a certain direction, ὀϊστὸν ἔχε
aimed it, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; of horses or ships,
guide, drive, steer, πεδίονδ᾽ ἔχον ὠκέας ἵππους [
Refs 8th c.BC+] that way he
held his course, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; Πύλονδ᾽ ἔχον I
held on to Pylos, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; also (especially in
future σχήσω,
aorist 2 ἔσχον),
put in, land, νέες ἔσχον ἐς τὴν Ἀργολίδα χώρην [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐς Φειάν, τῷ Δήλῳ, κατὰ τὸ Ποσειδώνιον, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ποῖ σχήσειν δοκεῖ; [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἔχε.. ἀρὰν ἐπ᾽ ἄλλοις
point it against others, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὄμμ᾽ ἔ.
to turn or
keep one's eye
fixed, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; δεῦρο νοῦν ἔχε
attend to this, [
Refs]; πρός τινα or πρός τι τὸν νοῦν ἔ., [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.II.9 hold in, stay, keep back, ἵππους [
Refs 8th c.BC+];
check, stop, [τινα] [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; χεῖρας ἔχων Ἀχιλῆος
holding his hands, [
Refs]; but οὐ σχήσει χεῖρας
will not
stay his hands, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἔ. ὀδύνας
allay, assuage them, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; στόμα σῖγα, ἐν ἡσυχίᾳ, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; πόδα ἔξω or ἐκτός τινος ἔχειν, see at πούς:—
passive, οὖρα σχεθέντα [
Refs 2nd c.AD+]
A.II.10 keep away from, with
genitive of things, τινὰ ἀγοράων, νεῶν, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]: c.
infinitive, ἦ τινα.. σχήσω ἀμυνέμεναι [
Refs 8th c.BC+];
stop, hinder from doing, τοῦ μὴ καταδῦναι [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὥστε μή.. [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: also with
participle, ἔ. τινὰ βουθυτοῦντα [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.II.11 keep back, withhold a thing, ὅς οἱ χρήματα εἶχε βίῃ [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; αὐτὸς ἔχε
pray keep it, a civil form of declining, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.II.12 hold in guard, keep safe, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; of armour,
protect, [
Refs]
A.II.13 with predicate,
keep in a condition or place, εἶχον ἀτρέμας σφέας αὐτούς [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.II.14 hold, consider, τινὰ θέᾳ ἰκέλαν [
NT+7th c.BC+]
A.III c.
infinitive,
have means or
power to do,
to be able, with
aorist infinitive, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]: with
present infinitive, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
infinitive omitted or supplied from context, ἀλλ᾽ οὔ πως ἔτι εἶχε he
could not, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; οἷά κ᾽ ἔχωμεν so far as we
be able, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
A.III.b have to face, be obliged, παθεῖν [
NT+2nd c.AD+]
A.III.2 after [
Refs 8th c.BC+], followed by a dependent clause, I
know not.., οὐκ εἶχον τίς ἂν γενοίμαν [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; the two constructions combined, οὐ γὰρ εἴχομεν οὔτ᾽ ἀντιφωνεῖν οὔθ᾽ ὅπως.. πράξαιμεν [
Refs]
A.IV impersonal with
accusative,
there is.. (as in Mod. Gr.), ἔχει δὲ φυλακτήριον πρὸς τὸ μή σε καταπεσεῖν [
Refs]
B intransitive,
hold oneself, i.e.
keep, so and so, ἔχον [οὕτως], ὥς τε τάλαντα γυνή (i.e. ἔχει)
kept balanced, like the scales which.., [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἕξω δ᾽ ὡς ὅτε τις στερεὴ λίθος I
will keep unmoved, as a stone.., [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἔγχος ἔχ᾽ ἀτρέμας it
kept still, [
Refs]; σχὲς οὗπερ εἶ
keep where thou art, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; διὰ φυλακῆς ἔχοντες
to keep on their guard, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἔχε ἠρέμα
keep still, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἔχε δή
stay now, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
B.2 hold fast, οὐδέ οἱ ἔσχεν ὀστέον [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
B.6 B.3 with
genitive,
keep from, πολέμου [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.4 with Preps.,
to be engaged or
busy, ἀμφί τι [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.II simply,
be, ἑκὰς εἶχον [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἀγῶνα διὰ πάσης ἀγωνίης ἔχοντα
consisting in.., [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.II.2 frequently with
adverbs of manner, εὖ ἔχει [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; καλῶς ἔχει, κακῶς ἔχει,
it is, is going on well or ill, see at καλός, κακός (but
future σχήσειν καλῶς
will turn out well, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὕτως.. σχεῖν
to turn out, happen thus, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὕτως ἔχει so
the case stands, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὕτως ἐχόντων, Latin
cum res ita se habeant, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὡς εἶχε just as he
was, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὡς ἔχω how I
am, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀσφαλέως, ἀναγκαίως ἔχει, =ἀσφαλές, ἀναγκαῖόν ἐστι, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; καλῶς ἔχει
no, I thank you, see at καλός.
B.II.2.b with
genitive modi, εὖ ἔ. τινός
to be well off for a thing,
abound in it; καλῶς ἔ. μέθης
to be well off for drink, i.e.
to be pretty well drunk, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; σπόρου ἀνακῶς ἐ.
to be busy with sowing, [
Refs]; εὖ ἐ. φρενῶν, σώματος, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; compare ἥκ; so ὡς ποδῶν εἶχον as fast as they could go, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; πῶς ἔχεις δόξη; [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.III of direction,
hold or
turn towards, see above [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
B.III.2 stand up, jut out, κίονες ὑψόσ᾽ ἔχοντες [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
B.III.3 lead towards, ὁδοὶ ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμὸν ἔ. [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἔ. εἴς τι
to be directed, point towards, ἔχθρης ἐχούσης ἐς Ἀθηναίους [
Refs]; τὸ ἐς τοὺς Ἀργείους ἔχον
what concerns them, [
Refs], etc.; of Place,
extend, reach to, ἐπ᾽ ὅσον ἔποψις τοῦ ἱροῦ εἶχε [
Refs]
B.III.4 ἐπί τινι ἔ.
have hostile
feelings to wards.., [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.IV after [
Refs 8th c.BC+] as auxiliary, with
aorist participle giving a perfect sense, κρύψαντες ἔχουσι [
Refs 8th c.BC+]: also in late Prose, ἀναλώσας ἔχεις [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: less frequently with
perfect participle, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: rarely with
present participle, πατρίδα καταστένουσ᾽ ἔχεις [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.IV.2 participle ἔχων, with
present, adds a notion of duration to that of present action, τί κυπτάζεις ἔ.; why do you
keep poking about there? [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; τί δῆτα διατρίβεις ἔ.; why then
keep wasting time? [
Refs]; τί γὰρ ἕστηκ᾽ ἔ.[
Refs], you
keep chattering, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: so in later Prose, παίζεις ἔ. [
Refs 2nd c.AD+]; but ῥιπτεῖς ἔ.; do you throw away the prize
when it is in your grasp? [
Refs 1st c.AD+]
C middle,
hold oneself fast, cling closely, τῷ προσφὺς ἐχόμην [
Refs 8th c.BC+]: mostly with
genitive,
hold on by, cling to, [πέτρης[
Refs 5th c.BC+]; τῆς πληγῆς ἔχ εται
claps his hand on the place struck, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
C.2 metaphorically,
cleave, cling to, ἔργου [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; τῶν πραγμάτων [
Refs 4th c.AD+]; βιοτᾶς, ἐλπίδος, [
Refs 5th c.BC+];
lay hold on, take advantage of, τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἔχεο [
Refs 6th c.BC+];
fasten upon, attack, [
Refs 4th c.BC+];
lay claim to, ἀμφοτέρων τῶν ἐπωνυμιέων [
Refs 5th c.BC+];
to be zealous for, [μάχης] [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
C.3 come next to, follow closely,[
Refs]; of peoples or places,
to be close, border on, with
genitive, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
participle, τὴν ἐχομένην [τῶν νεωρίων] στοάν Aen. Tact.[
Refs]; οἱ ἐ. the
neighbouring people, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὁ ἐχόμενος the
next man, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]; of Time, τὸ ἐχόμενον ἔτος the
next year, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ ἐχόμενα τούτοις
what follows, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
C.4 depend, ἔκ τινος [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
C.4.b to be connected with by etymology, τὸ θύειν τοῦ θυμιᾶν εἴχετο [
Refs 3rd c.AD+]
C.5 pertain to, ὅσα ἔχεται τῶν αἰσθήσεων [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὀρνίθων ἢ ἰχθύων [
Refs]
C.II bear or
hold for oneself, κρήδεμνα ἄντα παρειάων σχομένη before her cheeks, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἀσπίδα πρόσθ᾽ ἔσχετο
his shield, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
C.III maintain oneself, hold one's ground,[
Refs]
C.III.2 with
accusative,
keep off from oneself, repel, [
Refs]
C.IV keep oneself back, abstain or
refrain from, ἀϋτῆς, μάχης, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]: c.
infinitive, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; κακῶν ἄπο χεῖρας ἔχεσθαι
to keep one's hands from ill, [
Refs 8th c.BC+],
hold! cease! [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
C.V passive of ἔχω [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
are balanced on.., [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
出典: STEPBible.org (Tyndale House, Cambridge), CC BY 4.0
