περί,
Thess., Delph. περ [
Refs 5th c.BC+], also
Aeolic dialect, see below [
Refs 4th c.BC+] V; Elean παρ [
Refs]:
preposition with
genitive,
dative, and
accusative:—
round about, all round (properly different from ἀμφί,
on both sides). (Cogn. with Sanskrit
pári 'round about'.)
A WITH GENITIVE,
A.I of Place, sometimes in Poets,
round about, around, τετάνυστο π. σπείους ἡμερίς [
Refs 8th c.BC+],
on both sides, see at περιβαίνω [
Refs]
A.I.2 about near, π. σοῦ πάντα γένοιτο ῥόδα [
Refs]
A.II to denote the object
about or
for which one does something:
A.II.1 with Verbs of fighting or contending, π. τινός
for an object—from the notion of the thing's lying in the middle to be fought
about, π. τῶνδε
for these prizes, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; δόλους καὶ μῆτιν ὕφαινον, ὥς τε π. ψυχῆς since it was
for my life, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; in Prose, τρέχειν π. ἑωυτοῦ, π. τῆς ψυχῆς, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; and without a Verb, π. γῆς ὅρων διαφοραί [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; but ἐρίσσαι π. μύθων contend
about speaking, i. e. who can speak best, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
A.II.2 with words which denote care or anxiety,
about, on account of, π. Τρώων.. μερμηρίζειν [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; κρίνειν, διαγιγνώσκειν π. τ., [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. τ. ψηφίζεσθαι, διαψηφίζεσθαι, ψῆφον φέρειν, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; διανοεῖσθαι, σκοπεῖν π. τινός, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. πότου γοῦν ἐστί σο; so with you it is a question
of drink? [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.II.3 with Verbs of hearing, knowing, speaking, etc.,
about, concerning, π. νόστου ἄκουσα [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; π. τινὸς ἐρέειν, λέγειν, λόγον ποιήσασθαι, etc., [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. τινὸς ἀγγεῖλαι, κηρῦξαι, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. τινὸς διελθεῖν, διεξελθεῖν, διηγεῖσθαι, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.II.4 of impulse or motive rather than object, ἐμαρνάσθην ἔριδος πέρι fought
for very enmity, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
A.II.5 about, in regard to, μεμηνυμένος π. τινός [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: in Prose frequently without a Verb, ἡ π. τῶν Μαντινικῶν πρᾶξις [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ π. τινός
the circumstances of.., [
Refs]; οὕτω δὴ καὶ π. τῶν ἀρετῶν (i.e. ἔχει) [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. τοῦ καταλειφθῆναι τὸν σῖτον
as for reserving the corn, [
Refs 3rd c.BC+]
as to number, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; χρηστηρίων δὲ πέρι.. [
Refs]
A.III before, above, beyond, of superiority, chiefly in
Epic dialect, π. πάντων ἔμμεναι ἄλλων [
Refs 8th c.BC+] in understanding to be
beyond them, [
Refs 8th c.BC+] —In this sense π. is sometimes adverbial, and the
genitive is absent, see below [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.IV in [
Refs 5th c.BC+] it is
of much
consequence, worth much, to us, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. πολλοῦ ποιεῖσθαί τινας to reckon them
for, i.e.
worth, much, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. πλείονος, π. πλείστου ποιεῖσθαι, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. ἐλάττονος ἡγούμενοι, π. οὐδενὸς ἡγήσασθαι, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.V Aeolic dialect περί and περ =ὑπέρ, στροῦθοι περὶ γᾶς.. δίννεντες πτέρα [
Refs 7th c.BC+]; περ κεφάλας probably in [
Refs 7th c.BC+]; also Hellenistic, ὃ διέγραψε Προῖτος περί μου paid
on my
behalf, PCair. Zen.[
Refs 3rd c.BC+]
B WITH DATIVE (in
Attic dialect Prose mostly in
signification [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.I of Place,
round about, around, of close-fitting dresses, armour, etc., ἔνδυνε π. στήθεσσι χιτῶνα [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; οἱ στρεπτοὶ οἱ π. τῇ δέρῃ καὶ τὰ ψέλια π. ταῖς χερσί[
Refs 8th c.BC+]; in other relations, π. δ᾽ ἔγχεϊ χεῖρα καμεῖται will grow weary
by grasping the spear,[
Refs]: rarely in Trag., π. βρέτει πλεχθείς [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.I.2 in Poets, also,
around a weapon, i. e.
spitted upon it,
transfixed by it, π. δουρὶ πεπαρμένη [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
B.I.3 of a warrior
standing over a dead comrade so as to defend him, ἀμφὶ δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ αὐτῷ βαῖν᾽, ὥς τις π. πόρτακι μήτηρ [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.II of an object
for or
about which one struggles (compare above [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
B.II.2 with Verbs denoting care, anxiety, or the opposite (compare above [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
B.II.3 generally, of the cause or occasion,
on account of, by reason of, ἀτύζεσθαι π. καπνῷ, variant forὑπὸ καπνοῦ in [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
for fear, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. τιμᾷ
in honour or praise, [
Refs]; π. τάρβει, π. φόβῳ, [
Refs 4th c.BC+] —but π. θυμῷ is
falsa lectio in [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
C WITH ACCUSATIVE,
C.I of Place, properly of the object
round about which motion takes place, π. βόθρον ἐφοίτων came flocking
round the pit, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐρύσας π. σῆμα [
Refs 8th c.BC+]: also of extension
round, ἑστάμεναι π. τοῖχον, π. βωμόν, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; π. τὴν κρήνην εὕδειν
somewhere near it, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. λίθον πεσών
upon it, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. αὑτὰ καταρρεῖν collapse
upon themselves, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; πλεῦνες π. ἕνα many
to one, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. τὸν ἄρξαντα.. τὸ ἀδίκημά ἐστι is
imputable to him who.., [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
substantive only, ἡ π. Λέσβον ναυμαχία the sea-fight
off Lesbos, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
C.I.2 of persons who are
about one, ἔχειν τινὰ π. αὑτόν [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; especially οἱ π. τινά a person's attendants, connexions, associates, or colleagues, οἱ π. τὸν Πείσανδρον πρέσβεις [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἱ π. Ἡράκλειτον his school, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἱ π. Ἀρχίαν πολέμαρχοι Archias
and his colleagues, [
Refs]; οἱ π. τινά so-and-so
and his family, [
Refs 2nd c.BC+]; later οἱ π. τινά,
periphrastic for the person himself, οἱ π. Φαβρίκιον Fabricius, [
Refs 1st c.AD+]; compare ἀμφί C. 1.3.
C.I.3 of the object
about which one is occupied or concerned, π. δόρπα πονεῖσθαι, π. δεῖπνον πένεσθαι, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; later mostly εἶναι π. τι, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. γυναῖκας γενέσθαι Vett.[
Refs 5th c.BC+]; in
periphrastic phrases, οἱ π. τὴν ποίησιν καὶ τοὺς λόγους ὄντες poets and orators, [
Refs 5th c.BC+] ministers of the mysteries, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὁ π. τὸν ἵππον the groom, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
C.I.4 round or
about a place, and so
in, π. νῆσον ἀλώμενοι [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἃν π. ψυχὰν γάθησεν
in his heart, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἱ π. Φωκίδα τόποι [
Refs 2nd c.BC+]
C.I.5 about, in the case of, τὰ π. τὴν Αἴγυπτον γεγονότα, τὰ π. Μίλητον γενόμενα, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ποιέειν or πράττειν τι π. τινά, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; σπουδάζειν π. τινά promote his cause, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: without a Verb, αἱ π. τοὺς παῖδας συμφοραί [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: generally, of all relations,
about, concerning, in respect of, π. μὲν τοὺς ἰχθύας οὕτως ἔχει [
Refs 5th c.BC+];
as to [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
adjective, ὄργανα ὅσα π. γεωργίαν, i.e. γεωργικά[
Refs]; also in place of a
genitive, οἱ π. Αυσίαν λόγοι the speeches
of L., [
Refs]; ἡ π. Φίλιππον τυραννίς the despotism
of P., [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: in Prose, to denote circumstances
connected with any person or thing, τὰ π. Κῦρον, τὰ π. Ἑλένην, τὰ π. Βάττον, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ π. τὸν Ἄθων the
works at Mount Athos, [
Refs]; τὰ π. τὰς ναῦς naval
affairs, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ π. τὴν ναυμαχίαν (variant forτῆς ναυμαχίας) the
events of.., [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
C.II of Time, π. λύχνων ἁφάς
about the time of lamp-lighting, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. μέσας νύκτας
about midnight, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. ἡλίου δυσμάς[
Refs 5th c.BC+]
C.II.2 of round numbers, π. ἑβδομήκοντα
about seventy, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
D Position: π. may follow its
substantive, when it suffers anastrophe, ἄστυ πέρι [
Refs 8th c.BC+] only once uses it
before its
genitive, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
E περί
absolutely, as
adverb.,
around, about, also,
near, by, frequently in [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
round about, [
Refs 3rd c.BC+]
E.II before or
above others [
Refs 4th c.BC+],
exceedingly, only
Epic dialect, in which case it commonly suffers anastrophe, Τυδεΐδη, πέρι μέν σε τίον Δαναοί [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; σε χρὴ πέρι μὲν φάσθαι ἔπος ἠδ᾽ ἐπακοῦσαι[
Refs 8th c.BC+]
E.II.2 π. does not suffer anastrophe in the
Epic dialect phrase π. κῆρι
right heartily, π. κῆρι φίλησε [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; π. κῆρι τιέσκετο[
Refs 8th c.BC+]
E.II.3 for περὶ πρό, see at περιπρό.
E.II.4 περὶ κάτω bottom
upwards, δῖνος π. κάτω τετραμμένος [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
F IN COMPOSITION (joined with other words), all its chief senses recur, especially
F.I extension in all directions as from a centre,
all round, as in περιβάλλω, περιβλέπω, περιέχω.
F.II completion of an orbit and return to the same point,
about, as in περιάγω, περιβαίνω, περίειμι (εἶμι
ibo), περιέρχομαι, περιστρέφω.
F.III a going over or beyond,
above, before, as in περιβαίνω III, περιβάλλω see, περιγίγνομαι, περιεργάζομαι, περιτοξεύω.
F.IV generally, a strengthening of the simple notion,
beyond measure, very, exceedingly, as in περικαλλής, περίκηλος, περιδείδω, like Latin
per-.
F.V the notion of
double-ness which belongs to ἀμφί is found in only one poetic
compound, περιδέξιος (which see).
G PROSODY: περί never suffers elision in [
Refs 8th c.BC+] near the end; περ᾽ ἰγνύῃσι [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; in Comedy texts and codices of Prose writers only in
participle of περίειμι (εἶμι
ibo) (which see):—π. stands before a word beginning with a vowel in Comedy texts, περὶ Ἀθηνῶν, περὶ ἐμοῦ, [
Refs 5th c.BC+] περιαγαπάζομαι:—
Aeolic dialect περρ for the sake of meter, see [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
出典: STEPBible.org (Tyndale House, Cambridge), CC BY 4.0
