κατά [κᾰτᾰ],
poetry καταί
accusative to [
Refs 2nd c.AD+]:
preposition with
genitive or
accusative:—
downwards. A WITH GEN.,
A.I denoting motion from above,
down from, βῆ δὲ κατ᾽ Οὐλύμποιο καρήνων, κατ᾽ Ἰδαίων ὀρέων, βαλέειν κ. πέτρης, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; καθ᾽ ἵππων ἀΐξαντε[
Refs 5th c.BC+] — for κατ᾽ ἄκρης see.ἄκρα: Μοῖσα κ. στόματος Χέε νέκταρ [
Refs 3rd c.BC+]
A.II denoting
downward motion,
A.II.1 down upon or
over, κ. Χθονὸς ὄμματα πήξας [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; of the dying, κατὰ.. ὀφθαλμῶν κέχυτ᾽ ἀχλύς a cloud settled
upon the eyes, [
Refs]; φᾶρος κὰκ κεφαλῆς εἴρυσσε
down over.. , [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; [κόπρος] κ. σπείους κέχυτο.. πολλή [
Refs]; ὕδωρ κ. Χειρός, see at Χεί; μύρον κ. τῆς κεφαλῆς καταχέαντες [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ξαίνειν κ. τοῦ νώτου πολλὰς [πληγάς] [
Refs 4th c.BC+]; κ. κόρρης παίειν, =ἐπὶ κόρρης, [
Refs 2nd c.AD+]
A.II.1.b Geometry texts,
along, upon, πίπτειν κατ᾽ [εὐθείας] [
Refs 3rd c.BC+] αἱ γωνίαι κ. κύκλων περιφερειῶν ἐνεχθήσονται will move
on.. , [
Refs 3rd c.BC+]
A.II.2 down into, νέκταρ στάξε κ. ῥινῶν [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; of a dart, κ. γαίης ᾤχετο [
Refs]; κ. γᾶς
underground, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; κατ᾽ ὕδατος
under water, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; [ποταμὸς] δὺς κ. τῆς γῆς [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. Χθονὸς κρύψαι to bury. [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὁ κ. γῆς one dead and buried, [
Refs 5th c.BC+], etc.; so κ. θαλάσσης ἀφανίζεσθαι, καταδεδυκέναι, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; also βᾶτε κατ᾽ ἀντιθύρων go
down by or
through.. , [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.II.3 later,
towards a point, τοξεύειν κ. σκοποῦ to shoot
at, [
Refs 2nd c.AD+]
A.II.4 of vows or oaths,
by, καθ᾽ ἡμῶν ὀμνύναι [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; especially of the victims, etc.,
over which the oath is taken, ὀμνυόντων τὸν ἐπιχώριον ὅρκον καθ᾽ ἱερῶν τελείων Foed. cited in [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; also κατ᾽ ἐξωλείας ὀμνύναι to imprecate destruction on oneself, [
Refs]
A.II.4.b to make a vow
towards, i.e. make a vow of offering.., κ. Χιλίων εὐχὴν ποιήσασθαι Χιμάρων [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.II.5 in hostile sense,
against, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; especially of judges giving sentence
against a person, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; of speeches, [λόγος] κ. Μειδίου, etc. (opposed to πρὸς Λεπτίνην, in reply to L.); δῶρα εἰληφέναι κατά τινος [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
A.II.6 of Time,
for, μισθοῦν κ. εἴκοσι ἐτῶν [
Refs]; κ. βίου
for life, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]; κ. παντὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος ἀείμνηστον [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
A.II.7 in respect of, concerning, μὴ κατ᾽ ἀνθρώπων σκόπει μόνον τοῦτο [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἱ κ. Δημοσθένους ἔπαινοι praises
bestowed on [
Refs 4th c.BC+]; ἐρεῖν or λέγειν κατά τινος to say
of one, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; frequently in the Logic of [
Refs 4th c.BC+] to be predicated
of.., [
Refs]; καταφῆσαί (or ἀποφῆσαί) τι κατά τινος to affirm (or deny)
of.., Metaphorical[
Refs]; so κ. τινὸς ὑπάρχειν [
Refs]
adverb καθόλου (which see).
B WITH Acc.,
B.I of motion
downwards, κ. ῥόον
down stream, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; opposed to ἀνὰ τὸν ποταμόν, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. τὸν ποταμόν, κ. τὸ ὑδάτιον, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; κατ᾽ οὖρον ἰέναι, ῥεῖν,
down (i.e.
with) the wind, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. πνεῦμα, κατ᾽ ἄνεμον ἵστασθαι
to leeward, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
B.I.2 with or without
signification of motion,
on, over, throughout a space, frequently in [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; κατ᾽ Ἀχαΐδα, κ. Τροίην, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; κ. πόντον, κῦμα, ὕλην, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; κ. ἄστυ, οἶκον, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; κ. κλισίας τε νέας τε[
Refs 5th c.BC+] (in later Gr.of motion
to a place, κ. τὴν Ἰταλίαν [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: Geometry texts,
at a point, [
Refs 3rd c.BC+]; τέμνειν [σφαῖραν] κ. κύκλον
in a circle, [
Refs 3rd c.BC+]; also,
in the region of, οἱ κ. τὸν ἥλιον γινόμενοι ἀστέρες [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; βέλος κ. καίριον ἦλθεν struck
upon a vital part, variant in [
Refs]
in heart and soul, [
Refs]
B.I.3 opposite, over against, κ. Σινώπην πόλιν [
LXX+5th c.BC+]
B.II distributively, of a whole divided into parts, κρῖν᾽ ἄνδρας κ. φῦλα, κ. φρήτρας
by tribes,
by clans, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; κ. σφέας μαχέονται
by themselves,
separately,[
Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. κώμας κατοικημένοι
in separate villages, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; κατ᾽ ἑωυτοὺς ἕκαστοι ἐτράποντο each
to his own home, [
Refs]; κ. πόλεις ἀποπλεῦσαι, διαλυθῆναι, [
Refs 5th c.BC+], etc.; κατ᾽ ἔπος word
by word, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; κατ᾽ ὄνομα
individually, [
NT]; παῖδα κ. κρήνην
at each fount a boy, [
Refs 3rd c.AD+]
B.II.2 of Time, καθ᾽ ἡμέραν, κατ᾽ ἦμαρ, day
by day, daily, see at ἡμέρα 111; καθ᾽ ἑνιαυτόν, κατ᾽ ἔτος, [
NT+1st c.AD+]
B.II.3 of Numbers,
by so many
at a time, καθ᾽ ἕνα one
at a time, individually, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
detailed list, [
Refs 2nd c.BC+]; κ. μίαν τε καὶ δύο
by ones and twos, [
Refs 5th c.BC+] drachmae
on every [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
in separate sums of 200[
Refs]; of ships, κ. μίαν (i.e. ναῦν)
in column, [
Refs 5th c.BC+], measure, be measured a certain number of times, [
Refs 3rd c.BC+]; μετρεῖν κ. τὰς ἐν τῷ Β μονάδας
as many times as there are units in B, [
Refs]
B.III of direction
towards an object or purpose, πλεῖν κ. πρῆξιν
on a business,
for or
after a matter, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; πλάζεσθαι κ. ληΐδα to rove
in search of booty, [
Refs]; κ. ληΐην ἐκπλῶσαι [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; κ. Χρέος τινὸς ἐλθεῖν come to seek his help, consult him, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; κ. θέαν ἥκειν to have come
for the purpose of seeing, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. τ;
for what purpose? why? [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.III.2 of pursuit, κ. πόδας τινὸς ἐλαύνειν [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; simply κ. τινά
after him, [
Refs]; κατ᾽ ἴχνος
on the track, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.III.3 Geometry texts, in adverbial phrases, κ. κάθετον
in the same vertical line, [
Refs 3rd c.BC+]; κατ᾽ εὐθεῖάν τινι
in the same straight line with.., [
Refs 3rd c.AD+]
B.IV of fitness or conformity,
in accordance with, κ. θυμόν [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; καθ᾽ ἡμέτερον νόον
after our liking,[
Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. μοῖραν
as is meet and right, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; κ. νόμον [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; αἰτίαν καθ᾽ ἥντινα
for what cause, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]; κατ᾽ ἔχθραν, κ. φθόνον,
for (i.e.
because of) hatred, envy, [
Refs]; καθ᾽ ἡδονήν τι δρᾶν, ποιεῖν, do
as one pleases, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. φιλίαν, κατ᾽ ἔχθος, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; κατ᾽ ἄλλο μὲν οὐδέν, ὅτι δέ..
for no other
reason but that.., [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. δύναμιν
to the best of one's power, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; κ. τρόπον διοικεῖν arrange
suitably, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; κατ᾽ εὐνοίην
with goodwill, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; in quotations,
according to, κατ᾽ Αἰσχύλον [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.IV.2 in relation to, concerning, τὰ κατ᾽ ἀνθρώπους =τὰ ἀνθρώπινα, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ κ. πόλεμον
military matters, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]; αἱ κ. τὴν πόλιν οἰκονομίαι (opposed to αἱ πολεμικαὶ πράξεις) the management of
public affairs, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]; so τὸ κατ᾽ ὑμέας
as far as concerns you, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὸ κατ᾽ ἐμέ
as far as I
am concerned, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]; κ. τοῦτο
in this
respect, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. ταὐτά
in the same
way, [
Refs]; καθ᾽ ὅτι
so far as, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.IV.3 in Comparisons,
corresponding with, after the fashion of, κρομύοιο λοπὸν κ.
like the coat of an onion, uncertain in [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; κ. Μιθραδάτην
answering to the description of him, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὴν ἰδέαν κ. πνιγέα
like an oven in appearance, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; κηδεῦσαι καθ᾽ ἑαυτόν to marry
in one's own
rank of life, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]; οὐ κατὰ σέ none
of your
sort, [
Refs 5th c.BC+] to address you
in your own
style, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: frequently after a
comparative, μέζων ἢ κατ᾽ ἀνθρώπων φύσιν [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; μείζω ἢ κ. δάκρυα too great for tears, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἤθεα βαθύτερα ἢ κ. Θρήϊκας morerefined than
was common among the Thracians, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.V by the favour of a god, etc., κ. δαίμονα [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. τύχην τινά [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
B.VI of round numbers (see. below v11.2),
nearly, about, κ. Χίλια ἑξακόσια ἔτεα 1600 years
more or less, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; κατ᾽ οὐδέν
next to nothing, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.VII of Time,
during or
in the course of a period, κ. τὸν πόλεμον [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; καθ᾽ ἡμέραν, κατ᾽ ἦμαρ,
by day, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]; κ. Χειμῶνα, κ. θερείαν, [
Refs 3rd c.BC+]
B.VII.2 about, κ. τὸν αὐτὸν τοῦτον Χρόνον [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; especially with names of persons, κ. Ἄμασιν βασιλεύοντα
about the time of Amasis, [
Refs]; οἱ κατ᾽ ἐκεῖνον (i.e. τὸν Ἀλκιβιάδην) ὑμέτεροι πρόγονοι [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἱ καθ᾽ ἑαυτοὺς ἄνθρωποι their contemporaries, [
Refs]
B.VII.3 καθ᾽ ἕτος
this year, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
B.VIII periphrastically with abstract
substantive, κατ᾽ ἡσυχίην, κ. τάχος, =ἡσύχως, ταχέως, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. κράτος
by force, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. μέρος
partially, [
Refs 4th c.BC+];
individually, severally, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. φύσιν
naturally, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. τὴν τέχνην
skilfully, [
Refs 2nd c.AD+]; οὔτ᾽ ἐμοὶ λέγειν καθ᾽ ἡδονήν [ἐστι] it is not
pleasant for me to tell you, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
C Position: κατά may follow both its cases, and is then written with
anastrophe κάτα, as [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; so also in tmesi, when it follows its Verb, [
Refs]
D absolutely as
adverb. in all the above senses, especially likeκάτω,
downwards, from above, down, frequently in [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
E κατά in COMPOSITION (joined with other words),
E.I downwards, down, as in καταβαίνω, καταβάλλω, κατάκειμαι, καταπέμπω, καταπίπτω, καταπλέω 1.
E.II in answer to, in accordance with, as in κατᾴδω (
occino), καταινέω, καταθύμιος.
E.III against, in hostile sense [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
substantive, as καταδίκη.
E.IV back, back again, as in κάτειμι, καταπορεύομαι, καταπλέω 11.
E.V frequently only to strengthen the notion of the simple word, as in κατακόπτω, κατακτείνω, καταφαγεῖν, etc.; also with
Substantives and
adjectives, as in κατάδηλος, κάτοξος.
E.VI sometimes to give a
transitive force to an
intransitive Verb, our
be-, as in καταθρηνέω
bewail.
E.VII implying
waste or
consumption, as in καταλειτουργέω, καθιπποτροφέω, καταζευγοτροφέω: and generally in a
disparaging sense, as in καταγιγνώσκω 1.
F κατά as a
preposition was shortened in some dialects, especially in
Epic dialect, into κάγ, κάδ, κάκ, κάμ, κάν, κάπ, κάρ, κάτ, before γ, δ, κ, μ, ν, π (or φ), ῥ, τ (or θ), respectively; see these forms in their own places. Mss. and the older Edd. join the
preposition with the following word, as καγγόνυ, καδδέ, κακκεφαλῆς, καππεδίον, καπφάλαρα, καρρόον, καττάδε, καττόν, etc. In
compound Verbs, κατά sometimes changes into καβ, καλ, καρ, κατ, before β, λ, ρ, θ, respectively, as κάββαλε, κάλλιπε, καρρέζουσα, κάτθαν; and before στ, σχ, the second syllable sometimes disappears, as in καστορνῦσα, κάσχεθε, as also in the
Doric dialect forms καβαίνων, κάπετον.
καθεῖς,
for καθ᾽ εἷς,
one by one, one after antoher, [
LXX+NT+2nd c.AD+]
出典: STEPBible.org (Tyndale House, Cambridge), CC BY 4.0
