φθάνω,
[
Refs 8th c.BC+],
imperfect ἔφθανον [
Refs 5th c.BC+]:
future φθήσομαι [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; but φθάσω [ᾰ] [
Refs 5th c.BC+]:
aorist ἔφθᾰσα [
Refs 5th c.BC+];
optative 3rd.pers. singular φθάσειε [
Refs 5th c.BC+] (this tense prevails in later Gk., [
Refs 2nd c.BC+];
Doric dialect ἔφθασσα [
Refs 3rd c.BC+]
aorist is ἔφθην,[
Refs 5th c.BC+], but the more usual form in [
Refs 5th c.BC+];
plural ἔφθημεν, -ητε, -ησαν, [
Refs 5th c.BC+],
Epic dialect plural 3 φθάν [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
subjunctive φθῶ,
Epic dialect 3rd.pers. singular φθήῃ, φθῇσιν, [
Refs];
Epic dialect 1st pers. plural φθέωμεν [
Refs 8th c.BC+];
3rd.pers. plural φθέωσι [
Refs];
optative φθαίην,
Epic dialect 3rd.pers. singular φθαίησι (παρα-) [
Refs 8th c.BC+];
infinitive φθῆναι [
Refs 5th c.BC+];
participle φθάς [
Refs 5th c.BC+];
Epic dialect participle middle φθάμενος [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
perfect ἔφθᾰκα[
LXX+4th c.BC+]; πέφθακα [
Refs 3rd c.AD+]:
pluperfect ἐφθάκει [
Refs 1st c.AD+]:—
passive, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]:
imperfect ἐφθάνετο [
Refs]; ἐφθάνοντο [
Refs 1st c.AD+]:
aorist ἐφθάσθην [
Refs 1st c.BC+]. [φθᾰνω always in
Attic dialect (so also in [
Refs]; φθᾱνω in [
Refs 8th c.BC+]]:—
come or
do first or
before others:
I with
accusative person,
to be beforehand with, overtake, outstrip, in running or otherwise, φθάνει δέ τε καὶ τὸν ἄγοντα [
NT+8th c.BC+]; so ἔφθησαν τὸν χειμῶνα they
anticipated the storm, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]:—
passive,
to be overtaken, ὑπό τινος [
Refs 4th c.BC+]; ἐφθάσθην (see. above).
II absolutely,
come or
act first, opposed to ὑστερέω or ὑστερίζω, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; τοῦ φθάσαντος ἁρπαγή the prey of
the first comer, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; in later writers, τὰ φθάσαντα the things
before mentioned, [
Refs 4th c.BC+];
participle φθάνων, φθάσας
previous, τῶν φθασάντων δυεῖν βιβλίων [
Refs 3rd c.AD+]; ἐν τοῖς φθάνουσιν ἔργοις Dex.Hist.[
Refs 1st c.AD+]
previous time, [
Refs 2nd c.AD+]; τὸ φθάσαν, τὰ φθάσαντα, the
past, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
II.2 with Preps.,
come or
arrive first, ἕως τῶν οὐρανῶν [
LXX+NT].., simply,
arriveat, attain to, [
NT+1st c.AD+]:
absolutely, of Time,
arrive, καιρὸς τῆς τομῆς ἔφθακε (variantἔφθασεν) [
LXX]; ἔφθασεν ὁ μὴν ὁ ἕβδομος[
LXX]
II.2.b extend, μέχρι γῆς [
Refs 3rd c.AD+]
II.2.c reach, αἰθέρα [
Refs]
II.2.d Grammars,
to be applied or
applicable, ἐπ᾽ ἀμφοτέρας τὰς διαθέσεις [
Refs 2nd c.AD+]
III the action in which one
is beforehand is expressed by the
participle agreeing with the subject, [Ἄτη] πολλὸν ὑπεκπροθέει, φθάνει δέ τε πᾶσαν ἐπ᾽ αἶαν βλάπτουσ᾽ ἀνθρώπους and
is beforehand in doing men mischief, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἀλλ᾽ ἄρα μιν φθῆ Τηλέμαχος κατόπισθε βαλών Telemachus
was beforehand with him
in striking, i.e. struck
first, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἔφθησαν ἀπικόμενοι arrived
first, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; so φ. εὐεργετῶν
to be the first to show a kindness, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
participle passive is also used, ἦ κε πολὺ φθαίη πόλις ἁλοῦσα, i.e. it would be taken
first, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; εἴ κε φθήῃ τυπείς shall be wounded
first, [
Refs]; φθαίητε γὰρ ἂν.. ἐξανδραποδισθέντες ἣ.. [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; φθάνειν δεῖ πεφραγμένους τοὶς πόρους they must
first be blocked up, [
Refs] were drawn up
before the drivers, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; more frequently by πρὶν.. or ἢ.., ἔφθη ὀρεξάμενος, πρὶν οὐτάσαι [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἔφθησαν ἀναβάντες πρὶν ἢ.. [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἔφθησαν ἐκπεσόντες πρότερον ἢ.. [
Refs]
III.b in later Gr., with
participle to express
previous action or happening, φθάνω ὑμῖν πρότερον γεγραφηκώς I have
already written to you, [
Refs 2nd c.AD+], etc.; ἔφθασα εἰρηκώς [
Refs 2nd c.AD+]
III.2 in the same sense,
participle φθάς or φθάσας,
Epic dialect φθάμενος, is used like an
adverb with a principal Verb, ὅς μ᾽ ἔβαλε φθάμενος, for ὅς μ᾽ ἔφθη βαλών, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; οὐκ ἄλλος φθὰς ἐμεῦ κατήγορος ἔσται no other shall be an accuser
before me, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀνέῳξάς με φθάσας you opened the door
before me, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; even with a
participle, φθάσας.. ἁρπάσας [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; rarely
participle present, φθάνοντες δῃοῦμεν [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
III.2.b in
signification [
Refs]
already paid them, [
Refs 4th c.AD+]; but ὡσεὶ καὶ ὁμογενῆ φθάσας εἶπον as if I
had said (not
had already said) ὁ., [
Refs 2nd c.AD+]
III.3 rarely with
infinitive, ὁ φθάσας θαρσῆσαι he that
first gains confidence, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; σπεύδειν ὅπως.. φθαίης ἔτ᾽ εἰς ἐκκλησίαν ἐλθεῖν (variantἐλθών) hurry
to be in time to get to.., [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; μόλις φθάνει θρόνοισιν ἐμπεσοῦσα μὴ χαμαὶ πεσεῖν hardly
manages by falling
first on the seat not to fall on the ground, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; more frequently in later writers, of actions which one
manages to do,
does before or
has done first or
already, [
Refs 3rd c.BC+]; ἐὰν ὁ ἰατρὸς αὐτὸ φθάσῃ κενῶσαι [
Refs 2nd c.AD+]; φθάνοντος ἤδη πυρέττειν ἐκ τεττάρων ἡμερῶν τοῦ νοσοῦντος
having already begun, [
Refs]; μὴ φθάνων προσηκόντως τρέφεσθαι if he
is not
first suitably nourished, [
Refs]; συμβαίνει φθάνειν ἀποθνῄσκειν τοὺς νεωτέρους the young die
first, [
Refs]; εἰ φθάσαιμεν παλαιοὺς πίθους ἔχειν μεγάλους if we
already have.., [
Refs 2nd c.AD+]
IV with negatives,
IV.1 with οὐ and
participle (
infinitive is see reading in [
Refs 5th c.BC+] you must
no sooner get your beard than you march, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐ φθάνει ἐξαγόμενος καὶ εὐθὺς ὅμοιός ἐστι τοῖς ἀκαθάρτοις
no sooner is he brought out than he becomes unclean, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐκ ἔφθημεν εἰς Τροιζῆν᾽ ἐλθόντες καὶ τοιαύταις νόσοις ἐλήφθημεν ἐξ ὧν..
no sooner had we come to Troezen than.., [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐκ ἔφθη μοι συμβᾶσα ἡ ἀτυχία καὶ εὐθὺς ἐπεχείρησαν διαφορῆσαι τἄνδοθεν
scarcely or
no sooner had misfortune befallen me when.., [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
IV.2 οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις, οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιτε, with
participle present, express a strong exhortation or urgent command, οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιτε τὴν ταχίστην ὀπίσω ἀπαλλασσόμενοι you could not
be too quick in departing, i.e.
make haste and be off, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐ φθάνοιτ᾽ ἔτ᾽ ἄν θνῄσκοντες
make haste and die, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; εἰς ἀγορὰν ἰὼν ταχέως οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις[
Refs 5th c.BC+]; these phrases are not to be treated as questions, compare οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιμι (i.e. λέγων) [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: with
participle aorist, once in [
Refs 2nd c.AD+]
IV.2.b in [
Refs]
shall hear
in a moment, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐκ ἂν φθάνοι τὸ πλῆθος τούτοις τοῖς θηρίοις δουλεῦον
will soon (or
inevitably) be enslaved to.., [
Refs 4th c.BC+]; also to express what is logically inevitable, οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιεν αὐτοὺς προσκυνοῦντες they
will soon be (or
cannot logically help) worshipping them, Aristeas 137; τοῦτο μὲν οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις καὶ Ἐμπεδοκλεῖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ ἐγκαλῶν [
Refs 2nd c.AD+]: with
participle aorist, [
Refs]
Источник: STEPBible.org (Tyndale House, Cambridge), CC BY 4.0
