Библейское слово «ἄρχω» в греческих словарях

ἄρχω (aor. ἦρξα, pf. ἦρχα; pass.: fut. ἀρχθήσομαι, pf. ἦργμαι)

1) тж. med. начинать, приступать (τινος и ποιεῖν τι, реже τι, крайне редко — Pind. τινι): μύθων ἄρξαι τινί Hom. начать беседу с кем-л.; ἡ νόσος ἤρξατο γενέσθαι Thuc. появились первые признаки эпидемии; νομίζοντες τῇ Ἑλλάδι ~ τῆς ἐλευθερίας Xen. полагая, что для Эллады начинается эпоха свободы; ἀρξάμενος ἀπό и ἔκ τινος Her., Xen., Plat. начиная с чего-л.; ἀρξάμενος ἐξ ἕω Plat. (начиная) с рассвета; ὅπερ ἀρχόμενος ἔλεγον Plat. как я сказал вначале; ἅμα ἦρι ἀρχομένῳ Thuc. с наступлением весны; ἀρχὴν ἄρξασθαί τινος Plat. положить начало чему-л.; πάντοθεν ἄρχεσθαι μελέων Hom. среза́ть со всех членов (жертвенного животного) лучшие части для божества;

2) идти впереди, вести Hom.: ~ ὁδόν, ὁδοῖο и κατὰ κέλευθά τινι Hom. показывать дорогу кому-л., вести кого-л.;

3) служить началом, быть причиной (κακῶν Soph.); ἄρξαι τῇ πόλει ἀνομίας Thuc. вызвать беспорядки в городе;

4) править, управлять, властвовать, предводительствовать, начальствовать, командовать (τινός Hom., Her., Xen., Plut., редко τινί Hom., Aesch. и ἔν τισι Hom., Plat.): ἄρχεσθαι ὑπό τινος или ὑπό τινι Her. и ἔκ τινος Soph. быть подвластным кому-л.; οἱ ἀρχόμενοι Xen. подданные; ἀρχὴν ~ Plat. занимать государственную должность (ср. 1);

5) быть архонтом: ὁ ἄρξας Dem. бывший архонт.

ἄρχω
[in LXX for חָלַל, מָשַׁל, etc. ;]
1. to begin.
2. to rule (see DCG, ii, 538b.): with genitive, Mrk.10:42, Rom.15:12. Mid., to begin: before ἀπό, Mat.16:21; 20:8, Luk.14:18; 23:5; 24:27, 47, Jhn.8:9, Act.1:22; 8:35; 10:37, 1Pe.4:17; with inf., an Aramaic pleonasm, Mrk.1:45; 2:23; 5:17, Luk.3:8, al. (see M, Pro.14:1-35 f.; Dalman, Words, 27; MM, see word)
(AS) Источник: STEPBible.org (Tyndale House, Cambridge), CC BY 4.0

ἄρχω,
Epic dialect infinitive ἀρχέμεναι[Refs 8th c.BC+]imperfect ἦρχον[Refs]; Doric dialect ἆρχον[Refs 5th c.BC+]: future ἄρξω[Refs 8th c.BC+]aorist ἦρξα, Epic dialect ἄρξα[Refs 8th c.BC+]: perfect ἦρχα[Refs 1st c.AD+]:—middle, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; non-thematic participle ἄρχμενος[Refs 3rd c.BC+]: imperfect, [Refs 8th c.BC+]future ἄρξομαι (in middle sense, see below) [Refs 8th c.BC+]; Doric dialect ἀρξεῦμαι[Refs 3rd c.BC+]: aorist ἠρξάμην[Refs 8th c.BC+] —passive, perfect ἦργμαι only in middle sense, see below [Refs]: aorist ἤρχθην, ἀρχθῆναι[Refs 5th c.BC+]:—to be first,
I in Time, begin, make a beginning, active and middle (in [Refs 8th c.BC+]to be the aggressor, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. ἄρχεσθαι to begin one's operations, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἄρχειν τοῦ λόγου to open a conversation, [Refs]; ἄρχεσθαι τοῦ λόγου to begin one's speech, [Refs]
I.1 mostly with genitive, make a beginning of, ἄρχειν πολέμοιο[Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἄρχειν χειρῶν ἀδίκων, ἄρχειν τῆς πληγῆς, strike the first blow, [Refs 5th c.BC+] — in middle in religious sense, = ἀπάρχεσθαι, ἀρχόμενος μελέων beginning with the limbs, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; but active, σπονδαῖσιν ἄρξαι[Refs 5th c.BC+]
I.2 with genitive, begin from or with.., ἐν σοὶ μὲν λήξω σέο δ᾽ ἄρξομαι[Refs 8th c.BC+]; πόθεν ἄρξωμα; [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἄρχεσθαι, ἦρχθαι ἔκ τινος, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἀπό τινος frequently in Prose, ἀρξάμενοι αὐτίκα ἀπὸ παιδίων even from boyhood, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; but more commonly ἐκ παίδων, ἐκ παιδός, etc., [Refs 5th c.BC+] —ἀπό in non-temporal relations, ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ σοῦ. i.e. including yourself, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀφ᾽ ἱερῶν ἠργμένη ἀρχή[Refs 5th c.BC+]
I.3 with genitive of things et dative person, ἄρχε θεοῖς δαιτός begin a banquet to the gods, [Refs 8th c.BC+]
I.4 with accusative, ἄρχειν ὁδόν τινι, show him the way, [Refs 8th c.BC+] lead the way, [Refs 8th c.BC+]: with other accusatives, ἄρχειν ὕμνον[Refs 5th c.BC+]
I.5 of actions, σέο δ᾽ ἕξεται ὅττι κεν ἄρχῃ[Refs 8th c.BC+]infinitive, τοῖσιν δ᾽ ἦρχ᾽ ἀγορεύειν among them, [Refs 8th c.BC+]: with participle, of continued action or condition, ἦρχον χαλεπαίνων[Refs 8th c.BC+]
I.6 absolutely, ἄρχε take the lead! [Refs 8th c.BC+]: generally, begin, ἄρχειν [τὴν ἐκεχειρίαν] τήνδε τὴν ἡμέραν Indut. cited in [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὸ ἄρχον, opposed to τὸ ἑπόμενον, [Refs 5th c.AD+]: participle ἀρχόμενος at first, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; at the beginning, ἀρχομένου δὲ πίθου καὶ λήγοντος[Refs 8th c.BC+]
I.7 Grammars, of a word, ἄ. ἀπὸ φωνήεντος[Refs 2nd c.BC+]; ἡ ἄρχουσα (i.e. συλλαβή) [Refs 2nd c.AD+]
II in point of Place or Station, rule, govern, command,
II.1 mostly with genitive, rule, be leader of.., Βοιωτῶν[Refs 8th c.BC+]
II.2 less frequently with dative, ἀνδράσιν ἦρξα[Refs 8th c.BC+]; also ἐν δ᾽ ἄρα τοῖσιν ἦρχ᾽ held command among them, [Refs 8th c.BC+]infinitive added, ἄρχε Μυρμιδόνεσσι μάχεσθαι led them on to fight, [Refs 8th c.BC+]
II.3 absolutely, rule, ὅσον τό τ᾽ ἄρχειν καὶ τὸ δουλεύειν δίχα[Refs 4th c.BC+]; especially hold a magistracy, ὁκοῖόν τε εἴη ἄρχειν μετὰ τὸ βασιλεύειν[Refs 5th c.BC+]; at Athens, etc., to be archon, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; ἀρχάς, ἀρχὴν ἄρχειν, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἄρχειν τὴν ἐπώνυμον (with or without ἀρχήν) [Refs]
II.4 passive, with future ἄρξομαι[Refs 5th c.BC+]:—to be ruled, governed, etc., ὑπό τινος[Refs 6th c.BC+]subjects, [Refs 5th c.BC+] Источник: STEPBible.org (Tyndale House, Cambridge), CC BY 4.0