ἁμαρτία, -ας, ἡ
(ἁμαρτάνω, which see), [in LXX chiefly for חַטָּאת and cogn. forms, also for פֶּשַׁע ,עָוֹן, etc. ;]
prop.
a missing the mark; in cl. (see reff. to
CR in MM,
VGT, see word);
(a)
guilt, sin (Plat., Arist., al.);
(b) more freq., from Æsch. down,
a fault, failure. In NT (as LXX) always in ethical sense;
1. as a principle and quality of action, = τὸ ἁμαρτάνειν,
a sinning, sin:
Rom.5:12, 13, 20; ὑφ᾽ ἁμαρτίαν εἶναι,
Rom.3:9 ἐπιμένειν,
Rom.6:1 ἀποθνήσκειν, νεκρὸν εἶναι τῇ ἁ.,
Rom.6:2, 11; τὴν ἀ. γινώσκειν,
Rom.7:7 σῶμα τῆς ἁ.,
Rom.6:6 ἀπάτη τῆς ἁ.,
Heb.3:13 personified as a ruling principle, ἁ. βασιλεύει, κυριεύει, etc.,
Rom.5:21 6:12, 14 7:17, 20; δουλεύειν,
Rom.6:6 δοῦλος τῆς ἁ., ib. 17; νόμος τῆς ἁ.,
Rom.7:23;
8:2; δύναμις τῆς ἁ.,
1Co.15:56 (cf.
Gen.4:7).
2. As a generic term (disting. fr. the specific terms ἁμάρτημα, which see, etc.) for concrete wrongdoing, violation of the divine law,
sin:
Jhn.8:46,
Jas.1:15, al.; ποιεῖν (τὴν) ἁ.,
Jhn.8:34,
2Co.11:7,
1Jn.3:8; εἴχειν ἁ.,
Jhn.9:41;
15:22, 24;
19:11,
1Jn.1:8; in pl. ἁμαρτίαι, sin in the aggregate,
1Th.2:16 (see Milligan, in l.); ποιεῖν ἁμαρτίας,
Jas.5:15 πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν,
Jas.5:20,
1Pet.4:8; ἄφεσις ἁμαρτιῶν,
Mat.26:28,
Mrk.1:4, al.; ἐν ἁμαρτίαις εἶναι,
1Co.15:17 collectively, αἴρειν τὴν ἁ. τ. κόσμου,
Jhn.1:29 ἀποθνήσκειν ἐν τῇ ἁ.,
Jhn.8:21 3. = ἁμάρτημα,
a sinful deed, a sin:
Mat.12:31,
Act.7:60,
1Jn.5:16.
SYN.: see: ἁμάρτημα. (AS)
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