ἀντί,
preposition governing
genitive:—originally sense,
over against. (Cf. Sanskrit
ánti 'opposite', 'facing', Latin
ante, etc.)
A USAGE:
A.I of Place,
opposite, over against, formerly quoted from several places of [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; so ἄντ᾽ Αἴαντος (i.e. ἄντα)[
Refs 8th c.BC+]; but ἀντί is so used in [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
c-l68; αἱ ὀπαὶ αἱ γιγνόμεναι ἀ. τόρμων mortises
facing tenons, [
Refs 2nd c.BC+]; ἀντὶ μαιτύρων
in the presence of witnesses, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
A.II of Time, ἀντὶ νυκτός
the same night, [
Refs]; ἀντὶ ϝέτεος[
Refs 1st c.BC+]; ἀνθ᾽ ἡμέρας· δι᾽ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρας, [
Refs 5th c.AD+]; compare ἀντετοῦς.
A.III instead, in the place of, Ἕκτορος ἀντὶ πεφάσθαι[
Refs 8th c.BC+]: sometimes used elliptically, ἦ 'τολμήσατ᾽ ἀντ᾽ ἐμοῦ δοῦναί τιν; i.e. ἀντὶ τοῦ ἐμοὶ δοῦναι, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.III.2 in [
Refs 8th c.BC+] he is
as good as many men, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἀντὶ κασιγνήτου ξεῖνος.. τέτυκται a guest is
as much as a brother, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἀντί τοί εἰμ᾽ ἱκέταο I am
as a suppliant, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; so later τοῦτό σφι ἀντὶ λουτροῦ ἐστί serves
as a bath, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὑπάρχειν ἀντὶ τῶν ἔνδον to be
as hostages for.., [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; δουλεύειν ἀντὶ ἀργυρωνήτων
just like bought slaves, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
A.III.3 to denote exchange,
at the price of, in return for, σοὶ δὲ θεοὶ τῶνδ᾽ ἀντὶ χάριν.. δοῖεν[
Refs 8th c.BC+]; νῆσον ἀντὶ χρημάτων παρέλαβον
for money paid, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; δοίην ἀντ᾽ ἀνιῶν ἀνίας grief
for grief, [
Refs 6th c.BC+]:—hence ἀνθ᾽ ὧν
wherefore, [
NT+5th c.BC+]; ἀντὶ τούτου
therefore, [
NT]; but ἀνθ᾽ ὧν also for ἀντὶ τούτων ὄτι..,
because, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀντὶ το;
wherefore? why? [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; also ἀνθ᾽ ὧν ὅτι ἦτε..
instead of being as you were.., [
LXX]
A.III.4 for the sake of, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; with Verbs of entreaty, likeπρός with
genitive, ἀντὶ παίδων ἱκετεύομέν σε[
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.III.5 to mark comparison, ἓν ἀνθ᾽ ἑνός one
set against the other,
compared with it, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; χάριν ἀντὶ χάριτος, i.e. ever-increasing grace, [
NT];
in preference to, ἀφνεὸν βούλεται ἀντ᾽ ἀγαθοῦ[
Refs 6th c.BC+]: even after Comparatives, πλέον ἀντὶ σοῦ[
Refs 5th c.BC+]; so (especially after a
negative) ἄλλος ἀντ᾽ ἐμοῦ[
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B POSITION: ἀντί rarely follows its case, as in [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; but the Grammars hold that it never suffers anastrophe.
C IN COMPOSITION (joined with other words), it signified,
C.1 over against, opposite, as ἀντιβαίνω, ἀντίπορος.
C.2 against, in opposition to, as ἀντιλέγω, ἀντίβιος.
C.3 one against another, mutually, as ἀντιδεξιόομαι.
C.4 in return, as ἀντιβοηθέω.
C.5 instead of, as ἀντιβασιλεύς, ἀνθύπατος.
C.6 equal to, like, as ἀντίθεος, ἀντίπαις, ἀντίδουλος.
C.7 corresponding, counter, as ἀντίφορτος, ἀντίτυπος.
出典: STEPBible.org (Tyndale House, Cambridge), CC BY 4.0
