ὅς, ἥ, ὅ,
genitive οὗ, ἧς, οὗ, etc.;
dative plural οἷς, αἷς, οἷς, etc.:
Epic dialect forms,
genitive ὅου (probably replacing Οο) in the phrases ὅου κλέος οὔ ποτ᾽ ὀλεῖται [
Refs 8th c.BC+];
feminine ἕης [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; elsewhere only ἧς [
Refs];
dative plural οἷς, οἷσι, ᾗς, ᾗσι (never αἷς or αἷσι in [
Refs 8th c.BC+] — _pronoun_ used,
A as
demonstrative by the side of οὗτος, ὅδε, and the
Article ὁ, ἡ, τό: in post-Homeric Gr. this use survived only in a few special phrases.
B as a Relat. by the side of the
Article ὅ, ἥ, τό (see. ὁ, ἡ, τό, c):—this
demonstrative and Relat.
pronoun must not be confounded with the Possess. ὅς, ἥ, ὅν. (With Gr. Relat. ὅς, ἥ, ὅ cf. Sanskrit Relat.
yas, yā, yad, Lithuanian
jis, ji (he, she), Oslav.
i, ja, je (he, she, it).)
A DEMONSTR. PRON., =οὗτος,ὅδε,
this, that; also,
he, she, it:
A.I Homeric usage: this form only occurs in the
nominative masculine and
neuter ὅς, ὅ, and perhaps
nominative feminine ἥ and
nominative plural οἵ, the other cases being supplied by ὁ, ἡ, τό (ὅ, ἡ, τό); most codices have ἥ in [
Refs 8th c.BC+] before it, μηδ᾽ ὅν τινα γαστέρι μήτηρ κοῦρον ἐόντα φέροι, μηδ᾽ ὃς φύγοι [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
participle, εἰς ἕτερον γάρ τίς τε ἰδών.., ὃς σπεύδει (for ὅστις ἂν ἴδῃ, ὃς σπεύδει) [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
A.II in later Gr. this usage remained in a few forms:
A.II.1 at the beginning of a clause, καὶ ὅς and
he, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; καὶ ἥ and
she, καὶ οἵ and
they, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.II.2 ὃς καὶ ὅς
such and such a person, [
Refs 5th c.BC+] —here also the _Article_ supplied the
oblative cases.
A.II.3 ἦ δ᾽ ὅς, ἦ δ᾽ ἥ, said
he, said
she, see at ἠμί.
A.II.4 in oppositions, where it sometimes answers to the
Article, Λέριοι κακοί· οὐχ ὁ μέν, ὃς δ᾽ οὔ.. [
Refs 6th c.BC+]; ὃ μὲν.., ὃ δὲ.., ὃ δὲ.. (
neuter) [
NT+4th c.BC+]: so in
Doric dialect dative feminine as
adverb, ᾇ μὲν.., ᾇ δὲ.. [
Refs 4th c.BC+]: very frequently in late Prose, [
Refs 2nd c.AD+]: also answering to other Prons., ἑτέρων.., ὧν δὲ.. [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
B RELAT. PRON.,
who, which.—By the side of the simple Relat., ὅς, ἥ, ὅ (in [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
A0USAGE of the Relat.
pronoun (the following remarks apply to ὅς γε, ὅσπερ, ὅστε, ὅστις, as well as to ὅς, and to ὁ, ἡ, τό as
relative):
A0.I in respect of CONCOR[
Refs 4th c.BC+] —Prop. it agrees in gender and number with the Noun or _pronoun_ in the antecedent clause.—But this rule admits of many exceptions:
A0.I.1 the Relat. mayagree with the gender implied, not expressed, in the antecedent, φίλον θάλος, ὃν τέκον αὐτή [
Refs 8th c.BC+]: so after collective Nouns, the Relat. is frequently put in
plural in the gender implied in the Noun, λαόν.., οὕς.. [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; στρατιάν.. τοιαύτην.., οἵ τινες.., τὸ ναυτικόν, οἵ.., [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; especially after the names of countries or cities, Τηλέπυλον Λαιστρυγονίην ἀφίκανεν, οἳ.. (i. e. to Telepylos
of the Laestrygonians, who.. ) [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
adjective, Θηβαίας ἐπισκοποῦντ᾽ ἀγυιάς, τάν.. the streets
of Thebes, which.., [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; τοὺς Ἡρακλείους παῖδας, ὃς.. the children
of Heracles, who.., [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
of me whom.., [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὸν ἥμισύν ἐστ᾽ ἀτελὴς τοῦ χρόνου· εἶθ᾽ ἧς πᾶσι μέτεστι.., where ἧς agrees with ἀτελείας implied in ἀτελής, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
A0.I.2 when the antec. Noun in
singular implies a class, the Relat. is sometimes in
plural, ἦ μάλα τις θεὸς ἔνδον, οἳ.. ἔχουσιν (for τις θεῶν, οἵ..) in some places, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὗ μέν.., οὗ δέ..
in some places.., in others.., [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
in what part of the earth, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A0.I.2 in pregnant phrases, μικρὸν προϊόντες..,οὗ ἡ μάχη ἐγένετο (for ἐκεῖσε οὗ) [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀπιὼν ἐκ τῆς πόλεως, οὗ κατέφυγε (for οἷ κατέφυγε καὶ οὗ ἦν) [
NT+5th c.BC+]: but in early writers this is
falsa lectio, as in [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
A0.II dative feminine ᾗ,
Doric dialect ᾇ, of Place,
where, or Manner,
as, see at ᾗ.
A0.III old
locative οἷ, as
adverb, see at οἷ.
A0.III.2 old
ablative (?) ὧ, in
Doric dialect (compare ϝοίκω), τηνῶθε καθεῖλον, ὧ (
whence) μ᾽ ἐκέλευ καθελεῖν τυ [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A0.IV accusative singular neuter ὅ, very frequently =ὅτι,
that, how that, λεύσσετε γὰρ τό γε πάντες ὅ μοι γέρας ἔρχεται ἄλλῃ [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; and so also,
because, ταρβήσας ὅ οἱ ἄγχι πάγη βέλος [
Refs]
A0.IV.2 in
Attic dialect ὅ,
for which reason, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A0.IV.3 whereas, [
NT+5th c.BC+]
A0.V ἀφ᾽ οὗπερ
from the time that.., [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
A0.VI ἐφ᾽ ᾧ, see at ἐπί [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
出典: STEPBible.org (Tyndale House, Cambridge), CC BY 4.0
