δέ,
but: adversative and copulative Particle,
I answering to μέν (which see), τὴν νῦν μὲν Βοιωτίαν, πρότερον δὲ Καδμηίδα γῆν καλουμένην [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
II without preceding μέν,
II.1 adversative, expressing distinct opposition, αἰεί τοι τὰ κάκ᾽ ἐστὶ φίλα.. μαντεύεσθαι, ἐσθλὸν δ᾽ οὔτε τί πω εἶπας[
Refs 5th c.BC+]; so in Prose, οὐκ ἐπὶ κακῷ, ἐλευθερώσει δέ.. [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
II.2 copulative,
II.2.a in explanatory clauses, ξυνέβησαν.. τὰ μακρὰ τείχη ἑλεῖν (ἦν δὲ σταδίων μάλιστα ὀκτώ) [
Refs 8th c.BC+]: when a
substantive is followed by words in apposition, Ἀρισταγόρῃ τῷ Μιλησίῳ, δούλῳ δὲ ἡμετέρῳ [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; so in answers, διπλᾶ λέγειν. —Answ. διπλᾶδ᾽ ὁρᾶν [
Refs]
II.2.b in enumerations or transitions, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; with repetition of a word in different relations, ὣς Ἀχιλεὺς θάμβησεν.., θάμβησαν δὲ καὶ ἄλλοι [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; in rhetorical outbursts, οὐκ ἂν εὐθέως εἴποιεν· τὸν δὲ βάσκανον, τὸν δὲ ὄλεθρον, τοῦτον δὲ ὑβρίζειν,—ἀναπνεῖν δέ. [
Refs 4th c.BC+]; in a climax, πᾶν γύναιον καὶ παιδίον καὶ θηρίον δέ
nay even beast, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; in the combination καὶ δέ [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
II.2.c answering to τε (which see), ἃ τῶν τε ἀποβαινόντων ἕνεκα ἄξια κεκτῆσθαι, πολὺ δὲ μᾶλλον αὐτὰ αὑτῶν [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
II.3 implying causal connexion, less direct than γάρ, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
II.4 in questions, with implied opposition, ἑόρακας δ᾽, ἔφη, τὴν γυναῖκ; [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
II.4.b τί δ; what
then? to mark a transition in dialogue; see at τίς.
II in apodosi:
II.1 after hypothetical clauses, εἰ δέ κε μὴ δώωσιν, ἐγὼ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἕλωμαι if they will not give it,
then I.., [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
II.1.b after temporal or relative clauses, with ἐπεί, ἕως, etc., [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; with
demonstrative Pronouns or
adverbs answering to a preceding relative, οἵηπερ φύλλων γενεή, τοίη δὲ καὶ ἀνδρῶν [
Refs 8th c.BC+]: sometimes after a participle, οἰόμενοι.. τιμῆς τεύξεσθαι, ἀντὶ δὲ τούτων οὐδ᾽ ὅμοιοι.. ἐσόμεθα [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
II.2 to resume after an interruption or parenthesis, χρόνου δὲ ἐπιγινομένου καὶ κατεστραμμένων σχεδὸν πάντων..,—κατεστραμμένων δὲ τούτων.. [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; with an anacoluthon, ἡ δὲ ψυχὴ ἄρα,—οἷ ἂν θεὸς θέλῃ.. τῇ ἐμῇ ψυχῇ ἰτέον, αὕτη δὲ δή.. [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
II.3 to begin a story, ἦμος δ᾽ ἠέλιος..
well, when the sun.., [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
II.4 to introduce a proof, τεκμήριον δέ, σημεῖον δέ, (see entry).
B POSITION of δέ. It usually stands second: hence frequently between
Article and
substantive or
preposition and case; but also after
substantive, or words forming a connected notion, hence it may stand third, γυναῖκα πιστὴν δ᾽ ἐν δόμοις εὕροι [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; so in Prose after a
negative, οὐχ ὑπ᾽ ἐραστοῦ δέ, to avoid confusion between οὐ δέ and οὐδέ, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
出典: STEPBible.org (Tyndale House, Cambridge), CC BY 4.0