Evil Speaking (Insult)
“You give your mouth to evil, and your tongue frames deceit” (Ps. 50:19)
“Their throat is an open tomb; with their tongues they have practiced deceit; the poison of asps is under their lips; whose mouth is full of cursing and bitterness” (Rom. 3:13-14)
“to speak evil of no one, to be peaceable, gentle, showing all humility to all men” (Titus. 3:2)
“who, when He was reviled, did not revile in return; when He suffered, He did not threaten, but committed Himself to Him who judges righteously” (1 Pet. 2:23)
“Therefore, laying aside all malice, all deceit, hypocrisy, envy, and all evil speaking” (1 Pet. 2:1)
“But now you yourselves are to put off all these: anger, wrath, malice, blasphemy, filthy language out of your mouth” (Col. 3:8)
Against God
“And the Israelite woman’s son blasphemed the name of the LORD and cursed; and so they brought him to Moses. <...> Then you shall speak to the children of Israel, saying: ‘Whoever curses his God shall bear his sin. And whoever blasphemes the name of the LORD shall surely be put to death. All the congregation shall certainly stone him, the stranger as well as him who is born in the land. When he blasphemes the name of the LORD, he shall be put to death’” (Lev. 24:11,15-16)
Against Parents
“And he who curses his father or his mother shall surely be put to death” (Ex. 21:17)
“Cursed is the one who treats his father or his mother with contempt. And all the people shall say, ‘Amen!’” (Deut. 27:16)
“Whoever curses his father or his mother, his lamp will be put out in deep darkness” (Prov. 20:20)
Against One’s Neighbor
“Do not speak evil of one another, brethren. He who speaks evil of a brother and judges his brother, speaks evil of the law and judges the law. But if you judge the law, you are not a doer of the law but a judge” (James. 4:11)
Against Authorities and Rulers
“You shall not revile God, nor curse a ruler of your people” (Ex. 22:28) (LXX 22:27: θεοὺς οὐ κακολογήσεις καὶ ἄρχοντας τοῦ λαοῦ σου οὐ κακῶς ἐρεῖς — “you shall not speak evil of the gods (judges), nor speak ill of the rulers of your people”)
“Likewise also these dreamers defile the flesh, reject authority, and speak evil of dignitaries” (Jude. 1:8)
“and especially those who walk according to the flesh in the lust of uncleanness and despise authority. They are presumptuous, self-willed. They are not afraid to speak evil of dignitaries” (2 Pet. 2:10)